Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tuppaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *tumpaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dumb- (“tail, rod, staff, pole, penis”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬨𐬀‎ (duma, “penis”), Persian ‎ (dum, dumb, “penis”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtup.pɑz/

Noun

*tuppaz m

braid, plait, pigtail
a projecting end or point
top

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *tuppaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tuppaz	tuppōz, tuppōs
vocative	*tupp	tuppōz, tuppōs
accusative	*tuppą	*tuppanz
genitive	tuppas, tuppis	*tuppǫ̂
dative	*tuppai	*tuppamaz
instrumental	*tuppō	*tuppamiz

Derived terms

*tuppijô
*tuppilaz

Related terms

*tumpaz
*tumpô

Descendants

Old English: top, topp; toppa
- Middle English: toppe, top
  - Scots: tap
  - English: top
    - French: top
    - Vietnamese: tốp
Old Frisian: topp, top
- North Frisian: top, tap, tup
- Saterland Frisian: Top
- West Frisian: top; toppe
Old Saxon: *top
- Middle Low German: top
  - Low German: Topp
  - German: Topp
Frankish: *topp
- Old Dutch: *topp, *top
  - Middle Dutch: top, topp
    - Dutch: top
- → Vulgar Latin: *toppus (see there for further descendants)
Old High German: zoph
- Middle Low German: zopf
  - Cimbrian: sòpf
  - German: Zopf
  - Hunsrik: Zopp
  - Luxembourgish: Zapp
  - Vilamovian: cöp
  - Yiddish: צאָפּ‎ (tsop)
- → Italian: zuffa
Old Norse: toppr
- Icelandic: toppur
- Faroese: toppur
- Norwegian: topp
- Old Swedish: topper, tupper
  - Swedish: topp
- Old Danish: [Term?]
  - Danish: top

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