< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰers-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵʰers- [1][2][3]

  1. stiff
  2. surprised

Descendants

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*%C7%B5%CA%B0ers-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *ǵʰers-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *ǵʰers-</a>
  • *ǵʰérs-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • Indo-Iranian: *ĵʰáršati
      • Indo-Aryan: *źʰárṣati
        • Sanskrit: हर्षति (hárṣati), हर्षते (hárṣate)
          • Gujarati: હરખવું (harakhvũ)
  • *ǵʰr̥s-yé-ti (ye-present)
    • Indo-Iranian: *ĵʰr̥šyáti
      • Indo-Aryan: *źʰr̥ṣyáti
        • Sanskrit: हृष्यति (hṛṣyáti)
  • *ǵʰe-ǵʰórs-e ~ *ǵʰe-ǵʰr̥s-ḗr (stative)
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: जाहृषाण (jāhṛṣāṇá, perfect mediopassive participle)
      • Iranian:
        • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀‎ (zaršaiiamna, present mediopassive participle)
  • *ǵʰors-éye-ti (causative)
    • Indo-Iranian: *ĵʰaršáyati
      • Indo-Aryan: *źʰarṣáyati
        • Sanskrit: हर्षयति (harṣáyati)
  • *ǵʰr̥s-éh₁-(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative)
  • *ǵʰórs-ōs
    • Italic: *horzōs
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Armenian:
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Iranian:

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “g̑hers-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 445-446
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g̑ʰers-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 179
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “horreō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 290
  4. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 471
  5. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 200
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