Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵwelH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵwelH- (imperfective) [1]

to burn
to shine

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*%C7%B5welH-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *ǵwelH-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *ǵwelH-</a>

gʷol- (charcoal)
- Indo-Iranian: *ĵar-
  - Iranian: *ĵar-
    - Avestan: 𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭-‎ (skar-, “charcoal”), 𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬀‎ (skarana, “burned things”)
    - Persian: زغال‎ (zoγāl, “charcoal”), ذغال‎ (zoγāl), ژگال‎ (žogāl), شگال‎ (šogāl), سکار‎ (sakār)
    - Pashto: سکاره‎ (skārә́)
    - Kurdish:
      - Central Kurdish: خەڵووز‎ (xaɫūz), زوخاڵ‎ (zuxāɫ)
      - Kurdish: xelûz
    - Laki: ئسکڵ‎ (ıskiɫ)
*ǵwélH-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Indo-Iranian: *ĵwálati
  - Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́wálati
    - Sanskrit: ज्वलति (jválati)
*ǵwl̥H-é-ti (thematic zero-grade root present)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: žvìlti
*ǵwl̥H-o-m
- Germanic: *kulą
  - Old English: col
    - Middle English: col, cole
      - Scots: col, coll
      - English: coal
  - Old Frisian: kole
    - Saterland Frisian: Cole, Koole
    - West Frisian: koal
  - Old Saxon: *kol
    - Middle Low German: kole
      - German Low German: Kahl, Kaal
      - Plautdietsch: Kole
  - Old Dutch: *kol, col (in place names)
    - Middle Dutch: kole
      - Dutch: kool
        Indonesian: kol
  - Old High German: kol; kolo
    - Middle High German: kol
      - German: Kohle
      - Luxembourgish: Kuel
      - Yiddish: קויל‎ (koyl)
  - Old Norse: kol
    - Icelandic: kol
    - Faroese: kol
    - Norwegian: kol, kull
    - Old Swedish: kol, kul
      - Swedish: kol
    - Danish: kul
*ǵowlH-o-s (post-PIE schwebeablaut variant)
- Celtic: *goulos
  - Old Irish: gúal

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill

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[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill