< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰóstis

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *gʰes- (“to eat”) +‎ *-tis (compare Sanskrit घसति (ghásati), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬵‎ (gah, “to eat, to gorge”)).

Noun

*gʰóstis m [1][2][3]

  1. stranger, host[4]
    1. guest
    2. enemy

Inflection
Athematic, proterokinetic
singular
nominative *gʰóstis
genitive *gʰostéys
singular dual plural
nominative *gʰóstis *gʰóstih₁(e) *gʰósteyes
vocative *gʰósti *gʰóstih₁(e) *gʰósteyes
accusative *gʰóstim *gʰóstih₁(e) *gʰóstims
genitive *gʰostéys *? *gʰostéyoHom
ablative *gʰostéys *? *gʰostímos
dative *gʰostéyey *? *gʰostímos
locative *gʰostéy, *gʰostḗy *? *gʰostísu
instrumental *gʰostíh₁ *? *gʰostíbʰi

Descendants
  • Balto-Slavic: *gastis
    • Slavic: *gostь (see there for further descendants)
  • Celtic: *gostis
  • Germanic: *gastiz (see there for further descendants)
  • Italic: *hostis (see there for further descendants)

Derived terms
  • *gʰost(i)potis

References
  1. Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
  4. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 269
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