< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *h₂erǵ- (“white, argent, glittering”). Probably entered the vocabulary with the meaning 'white metal, (probably) silver' around 3,500 BC. [1]
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm | ||
| genitive | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tósyo | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁) | *h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂ |
| vocative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁) | *h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂ |
| accusative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁) | *h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂ |
| genitive | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tósyo | *? | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóoHom |
| ablative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥téad | *? | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tómos |
| dative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóey | *? | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tómos |
| locative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥téy, *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy | *? | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóysu |
| instrumental | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóh₁ | *? | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tṓys |
Descendants
- Armenian: *arcant-[4]
- Celtic: *argantom (< *h₂erǵn̥t-ó-m[3]) (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥ĵatám[5]
- Indo-Aryan: *Hraȷ́atám (< *h₂reǵn̥t-ó-m[2])
- Iranian: *Hr̥ĵatám
- Avestan: 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (ərəzata)
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎭𐎫 (a-r-d-t /ardata/)
- Persian: آلی (ālī, “silver”) (Yazidi, rd> l , ta>∅) [6]
- Middle Persian: (/arzīz/)
- Manichaean: 𐫀𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫉 (ʾrzyz)
- Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlcyc)
- Persian: ارزیز (arziz)
- Scythian: [Term?]
- Khotanese: [script needed] (āljsata-)
- Ossetian: ӕрзӕ́т (ærzǽt)
- Italic: *argentom[7]
- Faliscan: *𐌀𐌓𐌂𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌏𐌌 (*arcentom)
- ⇒ Faliscan: 𐌀𐌓𐌂𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌏𐌌 (arcentelom, acc.sg.)
- Latin: argentum (see there for further descendants)
- Oscan: 𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌂𐌄𐌕𐌖𐌃 (aragetud, abl.sg.)
- Faliscan: *𐌀𐌓𐌂𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌏𐌌 (*arcentom)
References
- Mallory, James P. (1984), “Proto-Indo-European Silver”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung, volume 1, issue 97, Göttingen: Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, retrieved 2018 May 7, pages 1–12
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “akra- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 18: “h₂reǵ-nt-o-”
- Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “*arganto-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 3rd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 41: “h₂erǵnto-"”
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 138–139
- Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 231
- , Kent, Ronald G; Old Persian, Grammer, Text, Lexicon; Univerity of pennysilvania; 1950 p:171.
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “argentum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 53: “*argento-”
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