< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kagʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Unknown; probably a borrowing from some unknown non-IE language.

Root

*kagʰ- [1][2]

  1. to take, seize

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*kag%CA%B0-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *kagʰ-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *kagʰ-</a>
  • *kágʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)[1]
    • Celtic: *kageti (“to get, receive”)[3]
      • Brythonic: [Term?]
        • Middle Breton: caffout
        • Cornish: kavoes
        • Middle Welsh: cael
  • *kagʰ-éye-ti (causative)
    • Italic: *kaɣeō[4]
      • Latin: incohō (< *in-kaɣeō) (see there for further descendants)
      • Oscan: kahad (3s.pr.cj.)
      • Umbrian: cehefi (inf.ps.)
  • *kagʰ-yó-m (“enclosure”)[5]
  • *kágʰ-l̥-eh₂ ~ *kagʰ-én-eh₂[5]
    • Italic: *kaɣela (“small hole”)[6]
      • Latin: caulae (see there for further descendants)
      • (possibly[6]) Oscan: kafla (acc.sg.)
  • *kágʰn̥ ~ *kagʰéns[5]
    • Germanic: *hagô (“enclosure, pasture”)[5] (see there for further descendants)
  • *kagʰ-nó-s[5]
    • Celtic: *kagnā (< *kagʰ-néh₂)
      • Brythonic: *kaɨn
    • Germanic: *hagnaz[5]
      • Old High German: hagan (see there for further descendants)
    • (possibly)[7] Armenian:
  • *kagʰ-ró-s
    • Celtic: *kagros (“enclosure, fort”)[8]

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kagʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 342: “*kágʰ-e-”
  2. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*kagh-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 487
  3. Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “*kag-o-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 3rd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 184: “*kagʰ-"”
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cohum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 123-124: “*kaχo-”
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*haga(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 198: “*kagʰ-on-”
  6. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “caulae”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 123-124: “*kaχi/elā-”
  7. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “c‘ank/g”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 624
  8. Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “*kagro-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 3rd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 184
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