caer
Asturian
Galician
Etymology
From Old Portuguese caer, from Vulgar Latin *cadēre, from Latin cadere, present active infinitive of cadō, from Proto-Italic *kadō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₂d- (“to fall”). Cognate with Spanish caer and Portuguese Portuguese cair.
Verb
caer (first-person singular present caio, first-person singular preterite caín, past participle caído)
Conjugation
infinitive | caer | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | caendo | ||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||
masculine | caído | caídos | |||||
feminine | caída | caídas | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | caio | caes | cae | caemos | caedes | caen | |
imperfect | caía | caías | caía | caïamos | caïades | caían | |
preterite | caín | caíches | caeu | caemos | caestes | caeron | |
pluperfect | caera | caeras | caera | caeramos | caerades | caeran | |
future | caerei | caerás | caerá | caeremos | caeredes | caerán | |
conditional | caería | caerías | caería | caeriamos | caeriades | caerían | |
subjunctive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | caia | caias | caia | caiamos | caiades | caian | |
preterite | caese | caeses | caese | caésemos | caésedes | caesen | |
future | caer | caeres | caer | caermos | caerdes | caeren | |
imperative | — | ti | Vde. | nós | vós | Vdes. | |
affirmative | — | cae | caia | caiamos | caede | caian | |
negative | — | caias | caia | caiamos | caiades | caian | |
personal infinitive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
caer | caeres | caer | caermos | caerdes | caeren |
Spanish
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *cadēre, from Latin cadere, present active infinitive of cadō, from Proto-Italic *kadō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₂d- (“to fall”). Cognate with Portuguese cair.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈeɾ/
Verb
caer (first-person singular present caigo, first-person singular preterite caí, past participle caído)
- (intransitive, reflexive) to fall (to move to a lower position due to gravity)
- (intransitive) to fall (to come down, to drop, to descend)
- La lluvia cae más fuerte que antes. ― The rain is falling heavier than before.
- (intransitive, reflexive) to fall down, to collapse (to fall to the ground)
- (intransitive, reflexive) to fall out (to come out of something by falling)
- El pelo dañado puede caerse. ― Damaged hair can fall out.
- (intransitive) to fall into, to fall for; to be ensnared by
- caer en la trampa ― to fall in the trap
- (intransitive) to fall into (to enter a negative state)
- (intransitive) to fall, to collapse (to be overthrown or defeated)
- El imperio romano cayó poco a poco. ― The Roman Empire fell little by little.
- (intransitive) to get (to understand)
- No caigo. ― I don't get it.
- (intransitive) to be granted or awarded
- Le cayó una multa. ― She got fined.
- (intransitive) to fall under (to belong to for purposes of categorization)
- (intransitive) to fall on (to occur on a particular day)
Conjugation
infinitive | caer | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | cayendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | caído | caída | |||||
plural | caídos | caídas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | caigo | caestú caésvos |
cae | caemos | caéis | caen | |
imperfect | caía | caías | caía | caíamos | caíais | caían | |
preterite | caí | caíste | cayó | caímos | caísteis | cayeron | |
future | caeré | caerás | caerá | caeremos | caeréis | caerán | |
conditional | caería | caerías | caería | caeríamos | caeríais | caerían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | caiga | caigas | caiga | caigamos | caigáis | caigan | |
imperfect (ra) |
cayera | cayeras | cayera | cayéramos | cayerais | cayeran | |
imperfect (se) |
cayese | cayeses | cayese | cayésemos | cayeseis | cayesen | |
future1 | cayere | cayeres | cayere | cayéremos | cayereis | cayeren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | caetú caévos |
caiga | caigamos | caed | caigan | ||
negative | no caigas | no caiga | no caigamos | no caigáis | no caigan |
- 1 Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive caer | |||||||
dative | caerme | caerte | caerle, caerse | caernos | caeros | caerles, caerse | |
accusative | caerme | caerte | caerlo, caerla, caerse | caernos | caeros | caerlos, caerlas, caerse | |
with gerund cayendo | |||||||
dative | cayéndome | cayéndote | cayéndole, cayéndose | cayéndonos | cayéndoos | cayéndoles, cayéndose | |
accusative | cayéndome | cayéndote | cayéndolo, cayéndola, cayéndose | cayéndonos | cayéndoos | cayéndolos, cayéndolas, cayéndose | |
with informal second-person singular imperative cae | |||||||
dative | cáeme | cáete | cáele | cáenos | not used | cáeles | |
accusative | cáeme | cáete | cáelo, cáela | cáenos | not used | cáelos, cáelas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative caiga | |||||||
dative | cáigame | not used | cáigale, cáigase | cáiganos | not used | cáigales | |
accusative | cáigame | not used | cáigalo, cáigala, cáigase | cáiganos | not used | cáigalos, cáigalas | |
with first-person plural imperative caigamos | |||||||
dative | not used | caigámoste | caigámosle | caigámonos | caigámoos | caigámosles | |
accusative | not used | caigámoste | caigámoslo, caigámosla | caigámonos | caigámoos | caigámoslos, caigámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative caed | |||||||
dative | caedme | not used | caedle | caednos | caeos | caedles | |
accusative | caedme | not used | caedlo, caedla | caednos | caeos | caedlos, caedlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative caigan | |||||||
dative | cáiganme | not used | cáiganle | cáigannos | not used | cáiganles, cáiganse | |
accusative | cáiganme | not used | cáiganlo, cáiganla | cáigannos | not used | cáiganlos, cáiganlas, cáiganse |
infinitive | caerse | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | cayéndose | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | caído | caída | |||||
plural | caídos | caídas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | me caigo | te caestú se caésvos |
se cae | nos caemos | os caéis | se caen | |
imperfect | me caía | te caías | se caía | nos caíamos | os caíais | se caían | |
preterite | me caí | te caíste | se cayó | nos caímos | os caísteis | se cayeron | |
future | me caeré | te caerás | se caerá | nos caeremos | os caeréis | se caerán | |
conditional | me caería | te caerías | se caería | nos caeríamos | os caeríais | se caerían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | me caiga | te caigas | se caiga | nos caigamos | os caigáis | se caigan | |
imperfect (ra) |
me cayera | te cayeras | se cayera | nos cayéramos | os cayerais | se cayeran | |
imperfect (se) |
me cayese | te cayeses | se cayese | nos cayésemos | os cayeseis | se cayesen | |
future1 | me cayere | te cayeres | se cayere | nos cayéremos | os cayereis | se cayeren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | cáete | cáigase | caigámonos | caeos | cáiganse | ||
negative | no te caigas | no se caiga | no nos caigamos | no os caigáis | no se caigan |
- 1 Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
Infinitives | |||||||
accusative | caerme | caerte | caerse | caernos | caeros | caerse | |
gerunds | |||||||
accusative | cayéndome | cayéndote | cayéndose | cayéndonos | cayéndoos | cayéndose | |
with positive imperatives | |||||||
accusative | not used | cáete | cáigase | caigámonos | caeos | cáiganse |
References
- “caer” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /kaːɨ̯r/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /kai̯r/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic *kagrom (compare Cornish ker (“fort, camp (earthwork), hillfort”)), from *kagyom (“enclosure, fence”), from *kagʰ-. More at cae.
Noun
caer m (plural caerau or caeroedd)
Derived terms
- bryngaer
- caergawell
- caerog
- caeru
Alternative forms
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
caer | gaer | nghaer | chaer |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Angharad Fychan and Ann Parry Owen, editors (2014), “caer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies