< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kréwh₂s

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Root noun from *krewh₂-.

Alternative reconstructions

Noun

*kréwh₂s [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

  1. blood
Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *kréwh₂s
genitive *kruh₂és
singular dual plural
nominative *kréwh₂s *kréwh₂h₁(e) *kréwh₂es
vocative *kréwh₂ *kréwh₂h₁(e) *kréwh₂es
accusative *kréwh₂m̥ *kréwh₂h₁(e) *kréwh₂m̥s
genitive *kruh₂és *? *kruh₂óHom
ablative *kruh₂és *? *kruh₂mós
dative *kruh₂éy *? *kruh₂mós
locative *kréwh₂, *kréwh₂i *? *kruh₂sú
instrumental *kruh₂éh₁ *? *kruh₂bʰí
Derived terms
  • *krewh₂-odʰ-i/o-
    • Celtic: *kroudis
      • Old Irish: crúaid
    • Italic: *krowoðos
  • *krow-yós ~ krow-yóm
    • Balto-Slavic: *kraujas m
      • Lithuanian: kraujas
      • Samogitian: kraus
      • Old Prussian: crauyo, krawian
    • Germanic: *hraiwą n (by metathesis) (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian: *krawyám n
Descendants
  • Balto-Slavic: *krū́ˀs
    • Slavic: *kry̑ (see there for further descendants)
  • Celtic: *krowos (see there for further descendants)
  • Germanic: *hrawaz (see there for further descendants)

Etymology 2

S-stem from *krewh₂-.

Noun

*kréwh₂s n [1][8][9]

  1. blood
Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular collective
nominative *kréwh₂s *kréwh₂ōs
genitive *kruh₂sés *kruh₂sés
singular dual plural collective
nominative *kréwh₂s — — *kréwh₂ōs
vocative *kréwh₂s — — *kréwh₂ōs
accusative *kréwh₂s — — *kréwh₂ōs
genitive *kruh₂sés — — *kruh₂sés
ablative *kruh₂sés — — *kruh₂sés
dative *kruh₂séy — — *kruh₂séy
locative *kruh₂és, *kruh₂ési — — *kruh₂és, *kruh₂ési
instrumental *kruh₂séh₁ — — *kruh₂séh₁
Descendants
  • Hellenic: *kréwas
  • Indo-Iranian: *krawíš
  • Italic: *kruwōs (< collective)
    • Latin: cruor (“blood, gore”)

References
  1. Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*kreu̯h₂-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 444-448
  2. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*krū-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
  3. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kry̑”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 254
  4. Derksen, Rick (2015), “kraujas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 255
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hraiwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 242
  6. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hrawa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 244
  7. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “crūdus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 146
  8. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cruor, -ōris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 146-147
  9. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κρέας”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 774
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