Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ped-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ped- [1][2][3]

to walk, to step
to stumble, to fall

Derived terms

► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*ped-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *ped-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *ped-</a>

*péd-ye-ti (*ye-present)
- Indo-Iranian: *pádyati (see there for further descendants)
*pi-péd-ti ~ *pi-pd-énti (reduplicated present)
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: հիւծանիմ (hiwcanim)
- Indo-Iranian: *pibdáti
  - Indo-Aryan: *pibdáti
    - Sanskrit: पिब्दमान (píbdamāna, pres.part.)
*pe-pód-e ~ *pe-pd-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
- Indo-Iranian: *papā́da
  - Indo-Aryan: *papā́da
    - Sanskrit: पपाद (papā́da)
*pod-éye-ti (causative)
- Indo-Iranian: *pādáyati
  - Indo-Aryan: *pādáyati
    - Sanskrit: पादयति (pādáyati)
*ped-e-ti (innovative root present)
- Germanic: *fetaną (see there for further descendants)
*pṓd-s (“foot”)
*ped-om (“step”)
- Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒁕𒀭 (pe-e-da-an /pēdan/)
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: հետ (het), յետ (yet), ետ (et)
- Celtic: *ɸedom
  - (possibly) Old Irish: ed (“space, interval”)[4]
- Germanic: *fetą
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πέδον (pédon, “ground”)
- Indo-Iranian: *padám
  - Indo-Aryan: *padám
    - Sanskrit: पद (padá, “step”)
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: (op)pidum
*ped-to-
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: pessum
*ped-yós
- Hellenic: *pedzos
  - Ancient Greek: πεζός (pezós, “afoot”)
*ped-yōs
- Italic: *pedjōs
  - Latin: pēior
*ped-tm̥mo-
- Italic: *pessamos
  - Latin: pessimus
*ped-uro-
- Germanic: *feturaz (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Balto-Slavic:
- Slavic: *podъ (“floor”) (see there for further descendants)
Germanic: *fatōną
Italic:
- Latin: expediō
- Latin: impediō
- Latin: peccō (for *pedcō)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 790-792
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ped-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 458
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*pad”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 287-288
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 136

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[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 790-792

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ped-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 458

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*pad”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 287-288

[4] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 136