< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/uksḗn

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Of uncertain origin;[7][8] possibly from *h₂ug-s-ḗn, from *h₂weg- (“to become strong”)[1], or perhaps from *ugʷ-s-ḗn (“inseminator”), from *wegʷ- (“to moisten, make wet”)[5]. Alternatively borrowed from Proto-Kartvelian *usx- (“sacrificial bull”) with metathesis[9][10], or a Wanderwort, whence also Proto-Turkic *öküŕ (“ox, bull”)[11].

Noun

*uksḗn m (oblique stem *uksn̥-) [6][12]

  1. bull

Inflection
Athematic, hysterokinetic
singular
nominative *uksḗn
genitive *uksnés
singular dual plural
nominative *uksḗn *uksénh₁(e) *uksénes
vocative *uksén *uksénh₁(e) *uksénes
accusative *uksénm̥ *uksénh₁(e) *uksénm̥s
genitive *uksnés *? *uksnóHom
ablative *uksnés *? *uksn̥mós
dative *uksnéy *? *uksn̥mós
locative *uksén, *ukséni *? *uksn̥sú
instrumental *uksnéh₁ *? *uksn̥bʰí

Derived terms
  • *úks-ō[13][14][12]
    • Celtic: *uxsū (“ox, stag”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Tocharian: *wəkʷsó (“draft-ox”)[14][12] (see there for further descendants)
      • → Turkic: *öküŕ (“ox, bull”) (perhaps)[11] (see there for further descendants)

Descendants
  • Germanic: *uhsô (see there for further descendants)
  • Indo-Iranian: *(H)ukšā́ (see there for further descendants)
  • → Kartvelian: *usx- (“sacrificial bull”) (perhaps, with metathesis)[9][10] (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Kiehnle, Catharina (1979) Vedisch Ukṣ und Ukṣ/Vakṣ: Wortgeschichtliche und exegetische Untersuchungen, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner
  2. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “ukṣán-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 210
  3. Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor (2017–2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2269
  4. Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*h₂uks-é/ón-n-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 368
  5. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag, u̯- : ū̆gu̯-, uku̯s-/mode/1up page u̯egu̯- : ū̆gu̯-, uku̯s- of u̯egu̯- : ū̆gu̯-, uku̯s-, 1118
  6. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 140
  7. Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 27
  8. Zimmer, Stefan (1982), “Idg. *ukson-”, in Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung‎, volume 95, pages 84-92
  9. Fenwick, Rhona S. H. (2017), “An Indo-European origin of Kartvelian names for two maloid fruits”, in Asatrian, Garnik S., editors, Iran and the Caucasus‎, volume 21, issue 3, Brill, DOI:10.1163/1573384X-20170306, page 4
  10. Klimov, G. A. (1994) Drevnejšije indojevropeizmy kartvelʹskix jazykov [The Oldest Indo-Europeanisms in Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nasledie, →ISBN, pages 64-68
  11. Güntert, Anders H; Festschrift Fr. Panzer 10
  12. Ringe, D. A., Jr. (1988–1990), “Evidence for the position of Tocharian in the Indo-European family?”, in Die Sprache, volume 34, Vienna: Universität Wien, page 82
  13. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*uxso-, *uxson-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 401-402
  14. Kim, Ronald (1999b), “The development of labiovelars in Tocharian: A closer look”, in Tocharian and Indo-European Studies‎, volume 8, Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzel, page 164
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