Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wekʷ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*wekʷ- (imperfective) [1][2]

to speak, to sound out

Derived terms

► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*wek%CA%B7-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *wekʷ-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *wekʷ-</a>

*wékʷ-ti (athematic root present)
- Indo-Iranian: *wákti
  - Indo-Aryan: *wákti
    - Sanskrit: वक्ति (vákti)
  - Iranian: *wáxti
    - ⇒ Kurdish: bang (“call”)
    - ⇒ Kurdish: deng (“voice”)
    - ⇒ Kurdish: gotin (“to say”), -bêj-
*wókʷ-e-ti (o-grade root thematic present)
- Germanic: *gawahwaną (“to mention”) (see there for further descendants)
*wókʷ-ye-ti (o-grade root ye-present)
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: գոչեմ (gočʿem, “to cry out”)
*wí-wekʷ-ti ~ *wí-wk-n̥ti (reduplicated present)
- Indo-Iranian: *wíwakti
  - Indo-Aryan: *wíwakti
    - Sanskrit: विवक्ति (vívakti)
*we-wókʷ-e ~ *we-wkʷ-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
- Indo-Iranian: *wawā́ča
  - Indo-Aryan: *wawā́ća
    - Sanskrit: ववाच (vavā́ca), उवाच (uvā́ca)
  - Iranian: *wawā́ča
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬈‎ (vaoce)
*wé-wk-e-t (reduplicated thematic aorist)[3]
*wṓkʷ-s
*wékʷ-os ~ *wékʷ-es-os
- Celtic: *wekʷos (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic: *wékʷos
  - Ancient Greek: ἔπος (épos)
- Indo-Iranian: *wáčas (see there for further descendants)
*wékʷ-ti-s ~ *ukʷ-téy-s
- Indo-Iranian: *uktíš
  - Indo-Aryan: *uktíṣ
    - Sanskrit: उक्ति (uktí)
  - Iranian: *uxtíš
    - Avestan: 𐬎𐬑𐬙𐬌‎‎ (uxti‎)
- Balto-Slavic:
- Slavic: *veťь (“thing”) (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *wihtiz (“being”) (see there for further descendants)
*wokʷ-tló-m
- Celtic: *woxtlom (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *waktrám
  - Indo-Aryan: *waktrám
    - Sanskrit: वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)
*wókʷ-to-s
- Germanic: *wahtaz
  - Old Norse: váttr (“witness”)
    - Faroese: váttur
*wokʷ-smn̥
- Celtic: *woxsman
  - Middle Irish: fúaimm
    - Irish: fuaim
    - Scottish Gaelic: fuaim
*ukʷ-tó-s
- Indo-Iranian: *uktás
  - Indo-Aryan: *uktás
    - Sanskrit: उक्त (uktá, “said, spoken”), past participle of वच् (vac, “to speak”)
  - ⇒ Indo-Iranian: *Hsūktás (< *Hsu- +‎ *uktás)
    - Indo-Aryan: *Hsūktás
      - Sanskrit: सूक्त (sūktá, “well or properly said or recited”)
    - Iranian: *Hhūxtáh
      - Avestan: 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀‎ (hūxta, “good word”)
*h₁weru-wokʷ-, *h₁uru-wkʷ- (“far-sounding”)
- Hellenic: *ewrúwokʷā
  - Ancient Greek: εὐρύοπα (eurúopa)
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Vedic Sanskrit: उरूची (urūcī́)

Unsorted formations

Anatolian: [Term?]
- Hittite: [script needed] (huek-), [script needed] (huk-, “to conjure, swear”)
Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
- Old Prussian: enwackē (“they call”)

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill
Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press

Kluge, Friedrich (1989), “erwähnen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological dictionary of the German language] (in German), 22nd edition, →ISBN

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[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill

[Ringe_2006-3] Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press