< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/adᶻdʰáH
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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
Uncertain; perhaps from either:
- Proto-Indo-European *Hedʰ-téh₂-h₁ (“said, announced”), from instrumental of *Hedʰ-téh₂, from *Hedʰ- (“to say”) (whence Sanskrit आह (ā́ha, “to say”), Old Avestan 𐬁𐬛𐬁 (ādā, “to say”)) + *-téh₂[1][3],
- Proto-Indo-European *Hedʰ-dh₁-éh₁, from *Hedʰ- (“to say”) + *deh₁- (“to bind”) + *-téh₂[1],
- Proto-Indo-European *m̥d-dh₁-éh₂, from *med- (“to measure, advise”) + *deh₁- (“to bind”) + *-éh₂[4][5],
- or Proto-Indo-European *n̥-h₂n̥dʰ-téh₂ (“unblinded”), from *n̥- (negative prefix) + *h₂endʰ- (“to be blind”) + *-téh₂[6].
Descendants
- Indo-Aryan: *addʰáH
- Sanskrit: अद्धा (addhā́, “truly, surely”)
- Pali: addhā
- Sanskrit: अद्धा (addhā́, “truly, surely”)
- Iranian: *azdáH[5][11][12]
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬁 (azdā)
- Parthian: 𐫀𐫉𐫅 (ʾzd /azd/)
- → Old Armenian: ազդ (azd)
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐏀𐎭𐎠 (a-z-d-a /azdā/)
- Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾzd /azd/)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾzdʾ /azdā/)
- ⇒ Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾzdʾqryʾ /azdā-karyā/, “announcement”)
- → Aramaic: [script needed] (ˀzd), [script needed] (ˀzdˀ)[11][12]
References
- Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 197
- Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor (2017–2018) Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page *azdā-
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*Hedʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 222
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 45
- Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), “*azdā-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 286–287
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “addhā”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 64
- Kent, Roland G. (1950), “azdā”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 33a
- Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017) Einführung ins Altiranische [Introduction to Old Iranian] (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, page 8
- Windfuhr, Gernot (2010) The Iranian Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Oxon, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 188
- Misra, Bal Govind (1967) Historical Phonology of Modern Standard Hindi: Proto-Indo-European to the Present, Cornell University, page 50
- Tavernier, Jan (2007), “*Azdā”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550-330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 411
- Hinz, Walther (1975), “*azdā-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 52
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