< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kʰáras

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Possibly from the BMAC substrate.[1]

Noun

*kʰáras m [2]

  1. donkey

Declension
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *kʰáras *kʰárā *kʰárā, -ās(as)
vocative *kʰára *kʰárā *kʰárā, -ās(as)
accusative *kʰáram *kʰárā *kʰárāns
instrumental *kʰárā *kʰáraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *kʰárāyš
ablative *kʰárāt *kʰáraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *kʰáraybʰyas
dative *kʰárāy *kʰáraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *kʰáraybʰyas
genitive *kʰárasya *kʰárayās *kʰárāna(H)m
locative *kʰáray *kʰárayaw *kʰárayšu

Descendants
  • Indo-Aryan: *kʰáras
    • Sanskrit: खर (khára)
      • Pali: khara
      • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀔𑀭 (khara)
        • Gujarati: ખર (khar)
        • Hindi: खर (khar)
  • Iranian: *xárah
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬑𐬀𐬭𐬀‎ (xara)
    • Gurani: ھەر‎ (har)
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (khara)
    • Kurdish: ker (kar)
    • Middle Persian: HMRA, hl (xar, “donkey”)[3]
      • Persian: خر‎ (xar, “donkey, ass”)[4]
    • Ossetian: хӕрӕг (xæræg)
    • Pashto: خر‎ (xar), خره‎ (xrë, pl.)
    • Zazaki: her (har)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (1999), “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki
  2. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project)‎, Leiden University
  3. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
  4. Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “خر”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
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