< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/náyȷ́žʰam

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *néyǵʰ-s[1], likely of non-Indo-European origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Uralic *nikka (“to stick in, push”).

Noun

*náyȷ́žʰam n

  1. sharp tip, spear

Inflection
neuter a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *náyȷ́žʰam *náyȷ́žʰay *náyȷ́žʰaH
vocative *náyȷ́žʰam *náyȷ́žʰay *náyȷ́žʰaH
accusative *náyȷ́žʰam *náyȷ́žʰay *náyȷ́žʰaH
instrumental *náyȷ́žʰā *náyȷ́žʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *náyȷ́žʰāyš
ablative *náyȷ́žʰāt *náyȷ́žʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *náyȷ́žʰaybʰyas
dative *náyȷ́žʰāy *náyȷ́žʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *náyȷ́žʰaybʰyas
genitive *náyȷ́žʰasya *náyȷ́žʰayās *náyȷ́žʰāna(H)m
locative *náyȷ́žʰay *náyȷ́žʰayaw *náyȷ́žʰayšu

Descendants
  • Indo-Aryan: *náyȷ́ẓʰam
    • ⇒ Sanskrit: निक्षति (níkṣati, “to pierce, kiss”)
    • ⇒ Sanskrit: नीक्षण (nī́kṣaṇa, “ladle”)
    • ⇒ Sanskrit: नेक्षण (nékṣaṇa, “fork, sharp stick, spear”)
  • Iranian: *náyĵam
    • Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀‎ (naēza, “tip (needle)”)
    • Old Median: [script needed] (*náyzam)
      • → Middle Persian: [script needed] (nēš)
        • Persian: نیش‎ (nīš, “tip; sting; lance”)
        • → Arabic: نيزہ‎ (nayza)
      • → Classical Syriac: ܢܺܝܙܳܪܳܐ‎ (nizārā)
    • ⇒ Iranian: *náyĵakam
      • Kurdish: (“lance”)
        Northern Kurdish: nize, nîze
        Central Kurdish: نێزە‎ (nêze)
      • Old Median: *náyzakam[2][3]
        • → Old Armenian: նիզակ (nizak)
        • → Middle Persian:
          Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (nyck' /nēzag/, “spear, lance”)
        • → Aramaic: [script needed] (nzk)
        • → Classical Syriac: ܢܝܙܟܐ‎ (nayzkāʾ)
    • ⇒ Iranian: *patináyĵah
      • Old Persian: [script needed] (*patinaida)
        • Elamite: 𒁁𒋾𒈾𒀀𒁕 (bat-ti-na-a-da)

References
  1. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “NIKṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 41: “*nei̯ǵ⁽ʰ⁾ ~ *nei̯ǵ⁽ʰ⁾s”
  2. Hinz, Walther (1975) Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 172
  3. Janda, Michael (2004) Die Sprache Der Meder (dissertation)‎ (in German), University of Zurich, page 105

Further reading
  • Edelʹman, D. I. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 443–446
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