Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/parnám

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pornóm, from *p(t)erH- (“fern”).

Noun

*parnám n (stem *parna-)

feather, wing

Declension

neuter a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*parnám	*parnáy	*parnáH
vocative	*parnám	*parnáy	*parnáH
accusative	*parnám	*parnáy	*parnáH
instrumental	*parnā́	*parnáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*parnā́yš
ablative	*parnā́t	*parnáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*parnáybʰyas
dative	*parnā́y	*parnáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*parnáybʰyas
genitive	*parnásya	*parnáyās	*parnā́na(H)m
locative	*parnáy	*parnáyaw	*parnáyšu

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *parnám (“feather, wing; (betel) leaf”)
- Sanskrit: पर्ण (parṇá)
  - Dardic: *panná
    - Kalasha: pọ̃
    - Kashmiri: [script needed] (pan)
  - Helu:
    - Sinhalese: පන (pana)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: [Term?]
    - Assamese: পান (pan)
    - Bengali: পান (pan, “betel leaf”)
    - Bhojpuri: पन्ना (pannā)
    - Oriya: ପାନ (panô)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
    - Konkani: पान (pān)
    - Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘰𑘡 (pāna)
      - Marathi: पान (pān)
  - Pali: paṇṇa
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
    - Doteli: पन्ना (pannā)
    - Gurjar Apabhramsa: पण्ण (paṇṇa)
      - Old Gujarati: पान
        Gujarati: પાન (pān)
    - Hindi: पन्ना (pannā, “page”), पान (pān, “betel leaf”), पर्ण (parṇ) (borrowed)
    - ⇒ Gujarati: પાંદડું (pā̃dḍũ)
    - Nepali: पानु (pānu)
    - Punjabi: ਪੰਨਾ (pannā)
  - → Tamil: பர்ணம் (parṇam), பன்னம் (paṉṉam)
Iranian: *parnám
- Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀‎ (parəna)
- Chorasmian: [script needed] (pn)
- Gurani: پەل‎ (pal)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (pārra)
- Kurdish: perr (pař)
- Munji: [script needed] (pūŋ(ǵ))
- Middle Persian: pr (parr)
  - Persian: پر‎ (parr)
  - Tajik: пар (par)
- Pashto: بڼه‎ f (bë́ṇa)
- Sarikoli: [script needed] (pun)
- Shughni: [script needed] (pūn)
- Sogdian:
  Buddhist: [script needed] (prn /paṙn/)
- Wakhi: pār
- Yagnobi: [script needed] (pan(n))
- Yazgulyam: [script needed] (pun)
Nuristani: *pā́r
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: por
    
    Kativiri: přor
  - Prasuni: pārag
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: pār

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