< Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/m-sin

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology
  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *msyin (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-sin (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; French, 1983; Weidert, 1987; LaPolla, 1987); *m-sin (*B) (Coblin, 1986)

Root

*m-sin

  1. liver
  2. bitter
  3. bile

Descendants
  • Old Chinese: 辛 /*sin/ (B-S), /*siŋ/ (ZS) ("pungent (in taste)")
    • Middle Chinese: 辛 /siɪn/

    • →   Japanese:  辛 (しん, ​shin)
            Korean:  신 (辛, sin)
            Vietnamese:  tân (辛)

      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: 辛 (xīn, /ɕin⁵⁵/)
  • Kamarupan
    • Kuki-Chin
      /*thin/ (VanBik, 2009)
      • Central Chin
        • Lushai [Mizo]: thin (“liver; heart”)
  • Himalayish
  • Jingpho-Asakian
    • Jingpho
      • Jingpho [Kachin]: sin (“liver”), masin (“heart, mind”)
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
    • Lolo-Burmese
      *sin¹ ⪤ tsin¹ (Matisoff, 2003)
      • Burmish
      • Loloish
        /*(ʃ)-sin²/ (Bradley, 1979)
        • Northern Loloish
          • Yi (Liangshan): ꌌ (sip, “liver”)
        • Central Loloish
          • Lisu (Southern): ꓢꓲꓽ (sɨ̀, “liver”), sometimes also ꓫꓵꓽ (ʃɨ̀, “liver”)
  • Karen: *swɨnᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)

See also
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