< Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan < t

Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/t/duŋ

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology
  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *t/duŋ ⪤ *ts(y)uːŋ (Matisoff, STEDT); *tsyuːŋ (Benedict, 1972) (later revised to *tuːŋ); *tuuŋ (LaPolla, 1987)

Secondary affricativisation conditioned by medial /-u-/ occurred in many cases, a phenomenon reminiscent of modern Japanese つ /tu/, [t͡sɯ]. The original initial was a plain or perhaps palatalised (?) plosive.

Noun

*t/duŋ

  1. navel
  2. centre

Descendants
  • Old Chinese: 中 /*truŋ/ (B-S), /*tuŋ/ (ZS) ("centre"); /*truŋ-s/ (B-S), /*tuŋs/ (ZS) ("to hit the centre, to match, to suffer"); 仲 /*ɴ-truŋ-s/ (B-S), /*duŋs/ (ZS) ("to be in the middle, second")

    →   Vietnamese:  đúng (“exact, accurate, correct, right”) (?)

    (中 in the oracle bone script)
    (中 in bronzeware inscriptions)
    • Middle Chinese: 中 (ʈɨuŋ, ʈɨuŋH), 仲 (ɖɨuŋH)

    • →   Japanese:  中 (ちゅう, ​chū)
            Korean:  중 (中, jung)
            Vietnamese:  trung, trúng (中)

      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: 中 (zhōng, /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/), (zhòng, /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/), 仲 (zhòng, /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/)
      • Cantonese
        • Guangzhou: 中 /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵, t͡sʊŋ³³/, 仲 /t͡sʊŋ²²/
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Written Tibetan: གཞུང (gzhung, “centre, core, middle; government; (main) text, scripture, literature”)
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi

See also
  • *m/s‑la(ː)j (“navel, centre, self”)
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