< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/borzda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

The Slavic term is comparable with Lithuanian bir̃žė (“furrow”)[1], biržis and Latvian bìrze (“furrow”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, the etymon exhibit semantic parallels with Sanskrit भृष्टि (bhṛṣṭi, “point, top”) and Proto-Germanic *brazdaz (“edge, brim”)[2]. These parallels point towards an ultimate origin from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“to point, to mark”). More precisely, the Slavic etymon could be derived from *bʰers- + *-dʰeh₂. This reconstruction, however, can only account for the Slavic lemma. The Baltic data descends from another suffix[3].

The above derivation finds parallels in Proto-Slavic *bьrdo (“weaving comb, reed”) and Proto-Slavic *bordy (“axe”), which perhaps were derived in a similar manner from *bʰerHdʰ-, ultimately from *bʰerh₃- (“to strike, to pierce”) + *-dʰ- (“resultative marker”).

Noun

*bōrzdà f [4][5]

  1. furrow

Inflection
Declension of *bōrzdà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *bōrzdà *bõrzdě *bōrzdỳ
Accusative *bōrzdǫ̀ *bõrzdě *bōrzdỳ
Genitive *bōrzdỳ *bōrzdù *bõrzdъ
Locative *bōrzdě̀ *bōrzdù *bōrzdàsъ, *bōrzdàxъ*
Dative *bōrzdě̀ *bōrzdàma *bōrzdàmъ
Instrumental *bōrzdòjǫ, *bõrzdǫ** *bōrzdàma *bōrzdàmī
Vocative *borzdo *bõrzdě *bōrzdỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

Further reading

References
  1. “biržė” in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 74
  3. Derksen, Rick (2015), “biržė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 91
  4. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*borzdà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59: “f. ā (b) ‘furrow’”
  5. Olander, Thomas (2001), “borzda”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b fure (PR 135)”
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