Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kъ(n)

From Proto-Indo-European *kom or *ku, *kʷom

Compare Sogdian [script needed] (kw/ku, “to”), Sanskrit कम् (kám) (postposition particle, after datives), Avestan 𐬐𐬄𐬨‎ (kąm, “for sake of”).

Also compare Old Latin quom (“with”), Latin cum, com-, con-, co-, cum-, Oscan com-, kúm, com-, co-, ku-, Old Irish co-, com- (“with”), Gaulish com-, co-. But usually they are derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.

*kъ(n) [1][2]

1. (with dative) to, towards

   Synonym: *do

   Antonym: *otъ

Because of the law of open syllables, the final -n was normally dropped. But when combined with a stem that (originally?) began with a vowel, it was attached to the following word.

• *sъ(n), *sъ(n)-, *sǫ-
• *ko-, *kъ-

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: к (k)
  • Russian: к (k), ко (ko)
  • Ukrainian: к (k), ік (ik), ґ (g), іґ (ig)
  • Old Novgorodian: ко (ko)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: къ (kŭ)
  • Bulgarian: към (kǎm)
  • Macedonian: кон (kon)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: к, ка

    Latin: k, ka

  • Slovene: k, h
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: k, ke, ku
  • Old Polish: k
    • Polish: ku
  • Slovak: k, ku
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: k
    • Lower Sorbian: k

• Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “к”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
• Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “к, ко”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 362
• Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъ(n)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 13, Moscow: Nauka, page 170
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “к”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa