< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaliti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From *kalъ (“mud, dirt”) +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*kaliti [1]

  1. to soil, muddle (e. g. water)
Descendants

Etymology 2

Uncertain.

According to one hypothesis, cognate with Latin callus (“hard”) and a group of Celtic words with senses like 'hard, strong, cruel', e. g. Gaulish Caleti, Old Irish calad, Welsh caled etc. Thus possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *keHl-/*kHl-.

According to Trubachev, a Slavic semantical development in the Iron Age from *kaliti I, explained by clay (which was used in the tempering process) muddling the water in which the metal ware was tempered. In such a case the aforementioned Celtic words may have developed from *ḱlH-eto (“cold”), see Proto-Celtic *kaleto-, as proposed by Joseph (leaving callus without an etymology).

Relation to Latvian kàlstu, kàlst (“to dry up, solidify”) is unclear.

Verb

*kaliti [2]

  1. to temper
  2. to case-harden
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: каля́ (kaljá, “to temper, case-harden”)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: ка́лити (“to temper, case-harden”)
      Latin: káliti
    • Slovene: kalíti (“to temper, case-harden”)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: kaliti (“to temper, case-harden”)
    • Slovak: kaliť (“to temper, case-harden”)
Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kaliti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 220: “v. ‘soil’”
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kaliti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 219: “v. ‘temper, case-harden’”
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.