< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kara
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Declension
Declension of *kara (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kara | *karě | *kary |
| Accusative | *karǫ | *karě | *kary |
| Genitive | *kary | *karu | *karъ |
| Locative | *karě | *karu | *karasъ, *karaxъ* |
| Dative | *karě | *karama | *karamъ |
| Instrumental | *karojǫ, *karǫ** | *karama | *karami |
| Vocative | *karo | *karě | *kary |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “ка́ра”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kara”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 220: “f. ā ‘punishment’”
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