< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/košь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain. Dersken and Vasmer point a similarity with Latin quālum (“hamper”) and its diminutive quasillum, however, both sources qualify it as dubious. If correct, then the Slavic term is likely a back-formation from Proto-Slavic *košelъ[1] < proto-Indo-European *kʷes- +‎ *-slo-.

Another alternative is from *kаt- (“to chain”) +‎ *-s- (“derivative aorist marker”) or (less likely) *kadʰ- (“to cover”) +‎ *-s-. Neither of these roots is well-established, though. If correct, this would make *košь and its derivatives cognates with Proto-Slavic *kotьcь, Proto-Slavic *kotьlъ and probably Proto-Slavic *kǫťa. Plausible cognates outside of Slavic include Latin casa (“hut”)[2], Latin cassis (“helmet”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀‎ (kata, “chamber”), Middle Persian kwšk' (kōšk, “pavilion, kiosk”), and Proto-Germanic *hattuz (“hat”).

The meaning of the East Slavic term may have been affected by the Turkic köç-‎ (köç-, “migration”) > Kazakh көш (köş, “military camp”).

Noun

*kòšь m [3][4][5]

  1. basket
    Synonym: *krošňa

Inflection
Declension of *kòšь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *kòšь *košà *košì
Accusative *kòšь *košà *košę̇̀
Genitive *košà *košù *kòšь
Locative *košì *košù *kòšixъ
Dative *košù *košèma *kòšemъ
Instrumental *košь̀mь, *košèmь* *košèma *kòši
Vocative *košu *košà *košì
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
  • *košelъ (“woven bag”)
  • *košara (“cottage”)
  • *košěrъ (“beehive”)
  • *kotьcь (“pigsty”)
  • *kotьlъ (“cauldron”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: кошь (košĭ)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: кош (koš, “basket”)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: ко̏ш
      Latin: kȍš
      • Chakavian (Orbanići): kȍš
    • Slovene: kȍš (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: koš, kůš (dialectal)
    • Polish: kosz
    • Slovak: koš
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: kóš

Further reading

References
  1. Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1984), “*košelъ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 11, Moscow: Nauka, page 187
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 96
  3. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kòšь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 240: “m. jo (b) ‘basket’”
  4. Olander, Thomas (2001), “kosjь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b kurv (SA 147, 177; PR 134)”
  5. Snoj, Marko (2016), “kȍš”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*kos'ь̏”
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