< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuditi
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *kowdéyeti, causative/iterative from the root *kewd-, or derived from *kudъ, *kudь, *kudo (“sorcery? evil spirit?”), from the same root. Cognate with Ancient Greek κυδάζω (kudázō, “to jeer at”), Old Norse hóta (“to threaten”), English hoot, Old High German hosc (“scorn, mockery”), Middle High German hiuzen (“to become impudent”), Sanskrit कुत्सयति (kutsáyati, “to scold”).
Verb
Inflection
Conjugation of *kuditi (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kuďenьje | *kuditi | *kuditъ | *kudilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kuďenъ | *kudimъ |
| Active | *kuďь | *kudę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kudixъ | *kudi | *kudi | *kuďǫ | *kudiši | *kuditь |
| Dual | *kudixově | *kudista | *kudiste | *kudivě | *kudita | *kudite |
| Plural | *kudixomъ | *kudiste | *kudišę | *kudimъ | *kudite | *kudętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kuďaaxъ | *kuďaaše | *kuďaaše | — | *kudi | *kudi |
| Dual | *kuďaaxově | *kuďaašeta | *kuďaašete | *kudivě | *kudita | — |
| Plural | *kuďaaxomъ | *kuďaašete | *kuďaaxǫ | *kudimъ | *kudite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*kudivъ is later doublet of past active participle
Derived terms
- *kuďati (intensive variant)
- *kuditeľь (“accuser, persecutor”)
- *kudьba (“blasphemy”)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кꙋдити (kuditi)
- Russian: ку́дить (kúditʹ) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Russian: проку́дить (prokúditʹ) (Southern and Western dialectal))
- Russian: ку́дить (kúditʹ) (dialectal)
- Old East Slavic: кꙋдити (kuditi)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- ⇒ Polish: przekudzić (dialectal)
- Slovak: kudiť (Jungmann's and Kott's dictionaries; archaic or dialectal)
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “-куди́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kuditi”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 13, Moscow: Nauka, page 82
- Georgiev Vl. I., editor (1986), “кудя¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 77
Etymology 2
Obsolete, probably an expressive iterative variant of *kusti (“to patronize, to befriend”) + *-iti or of onomatopoeic origin.
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ку̀дя (kùdja) (dialectal)
Further reading
- Georgiev Vl. I., editor (1986), “кудя²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 77
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kùditi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 255: “v. (a)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kúditi”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN
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