< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kydati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kūˀdā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd-. Cognate with Sanskrit चोदति (códati, “to impel”), Old Norse skjóta (“to shoot, to shove”), English shoot, perhaps Albanian hedh (“to throw”). Per Derksen, the lengthened root vowel reflects Winter's law. Vasmer additionally includes Latvian kûdinât, kûdît (“to urge, to drive”), German hutzen (“to urge”), Sanskrit स्कुन्दते (skúndate, “to hurry”).

Verb

*kỳdati impf (perfective *kydnǫti) [1][2][3]

  1. to throw, to fling

Inflection
Conjugation of *kydati (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kydanьje *kydati *kydatъ *kydalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kydanъ *kydajemъ
Active *kydavъ *kydaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kydaxъ*kyda*kyda *kydajǫ*kydaješi*kydajetь
Dual *kydaxově*kydasta*kydaste *kydajevě*kydajeta*kydajete
Plural *kydaxomъ*kydaste*kydašę *kydajemъ*kydajete*kydajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *kydaaxъ*kydaaše*kydaaše —*kydaji*kydaji
Dual *kydaaxově*kydaašeta*kydaašete *kydajivě*kydajita—
Plural *kydaaxomъ*kydaašete*kydaaxǫ *kydajimъ*kydajite—

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: искыдати (iskydati)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: ки́дам (kídam) (dialectal)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: ки̏дати
      Latin: kȉdati
    • Slovene: kídati (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: kydat
    • Old Polish: kidać
      • Polish: kidać (dialectal)
    • Slovak: kydať
    • Slovincian: ħĩdăc
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: kidać
      • Lower Sorbian: kidaś

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 264: “v. ‘throw, fling’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “kydati: kydajǫ kydajetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a kaste (PR 133; MP 22)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “kídati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*ky̋dati”
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