Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kypěti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kup-, from , from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- (“to smoke, to boil, to move”) (reconstructed as *kweh₁p- in Rix (LIV), but per Derksen the laryngeal is unnecessary). Cognate with Lithuanian kūpė́ti (“to boil over”), 1sg. kūpù, 3sg. kū̃pa, Latvian kupêt, kupôt (“to seethe”). Probably also cognate with Sanskrit कुप्यति (kúpyati, “to be angry, to boil with emotion”) and Latin cupiō (“to desire”). Vasmer and Chernykh also link Latvian kûpêt (“to smoke, to steam”) but per Derksen this belongs to a different Indo-European root *k(ʷ)h₂up-.

Verb

*kypě̀ti impf

to boil, to seethe

Inflection

Conjugation of *kypěti (impf., intr., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-ěti

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kypěnьje	*kypěti	*kypětъ	*kypělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*kypěvъ	*kypę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kypěxъ	*kypě	*kypě	*kypľǫ	*kypiši	*kypitь
Dual	*kypěxově	*kypěsta	*kypěste	*kypivě	*kypita	*kypite
Plural	*kypěxomъ	*kypěste	*kypěšę	*kypimъ	*kypite	*kypętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kypěaxъ	*kypěaše	*kypěaše	—	*kypi	*kypi
Dual	*kypěaxově	*kypěašeta	*kypěašete	*kypivě	*kypita	—
Plural	*kypěaxomъ	*kypěašete	*kypěaxǫ	*kypimъ	*kypite	—

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кипѣти (kipěti), кыпѣти (kypěti) сꙗдꙋ
  - Belarusian: кіпе́ць (kipjécʹ)
  - Russian: кипе́ть (kipétʹ, “to boil, to seethe”), 1sg. киплю́ (kipljú), 3sg. кипи́т (kipít)
  - Ukrainian: кипі́ти (kypíty)

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: кыпѣти (kypěti, “to seethe”), 1sg. кыплѭ (kypljǫ)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: кипя́ (kipjá, “to boil, to overflow”)
- Macedonian: кипи (kipi)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: ки́пјети, 1sg. ки́пӣм
  
  Latin: kípjeti, 1sg. kípīm
  - Chakavian (Orbanići): kīpȅt, 3sg. kīpĩ
- Slovene: kipẹ́ti (“to boil, to overflow”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. kipím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:
- Czech: kypěti (“to boil, to overflow”)
- Polabian: ťaipĕ (3sg.)
- Old Polish: kipieć
  - Polish: kipieć (“to boil”)
- Slovak: kypieť (“to boil, to overflow”)
- Slovincian: hĩpjĕc
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: kipjeć
  - Lower Sorbian: kipjeś

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kypě̀ti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 266
Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “кипе́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “кипе́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 396–397
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1981), “*kypěti”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 08, Moscow: Nauka, page 265

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