Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nyřati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*nirati
*nyrati

Etymology

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian nérti (“to dive”), also nãras (“hole, lair”), narà (“hole, lair”) (both dialectal).

Verb

*nyřati impf

to immerse oneself? to dive?

Inflection

Conjugation of *nyřati (impf., -ja-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti + *-ati
― iterative (e.g. *xaďati⇐*xoditi)
― imperfective (e.g. *otъvěťati⇐*otъvětiti)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*nyřanьje	*nyřati	*nyřatъ	*nyřalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*nyřanъ	*nyřajemъ
Active	*nyřavъ	*nyřaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*nyřaxъ	*nyřa	*nyřa	*nyřajǫ	*nyřaješi	*nyřajetь
Dual	*nyřaxově	*nyřasta	*nyřaste	*nyřajevě	*nyřajeta	*nyřajete
Plural	*nyřaxomъ	*nyřaste	*nyřašę	*nyřajemъ	*nyřajete	*nyřajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*nyřaaxъ	*nyřaaše	*nyřaaše	—	*nyřaji	*nyřaji
Dual	*nyřaaxově	*nyřaašeta	*nyřaašete	*nyřajivě	*nyřajita	—
Plural	*nyřaaxomъ	*nyřaašete	*nyřaaxǫ	*nyřajimъ	*nyřajite	—

Conjugation of *nyrati (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*nyranьje	*nyrati	*nyratъ	*nyralъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*nyranъ	*nyřemъ
Active	*nyravъ	*nyřę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*nyraxъ	*nyra	*nyra	*nyřǫ	*nyřeši	*nyřetь
Dual	*nyraxově	*nyrasta	*nyraste	*nyřevě	*nyřeta	*nyřete
Plural	*nyraxomъ	*nyraste	*nyrašę	*nyřemъ	*nyřete	*nyřǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*nyraaxъ	*nyraaše	*nyraaše	—	*nyři	*nyři
Dual	*nyraaxově	*nyraašeta	*nyraašete	*nyřivě	*nyřita	—
Plural	*nyraaxomъ	*nyraašete	*nyraaxǫ	*nyřimъ	*nyřite	—

Conjugation of *nyrati (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*nyranьje	*nyrati	*nyratъ	*nyralъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*nyranъ	*nyrajemъ
Active	*nyravъ	*nyraję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*nyraxъ	*nyra	*nyra	*nyrajǫ	*nyraješi	*nyrajetь
Dual	*nyraxově	*nyrasta	*nyraste	*nyrajevě	*nyrajeta	*nyrajete
Plural	*nyraxomъ	*nyraste	*nyrašę	*nyrajemъ	*nyrajete	*nyrajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*nyraaxъ	*nyraaše	*nyraaše	—	*nyraji	*nyraji
Dual	*nyraaxově	*nyraašeta	*nyraašete	*nyrajivě	*nyrajita	—
Plural	*nyraaxomъ	*nyraašete	*nyraaxǫ	*nyrajimъ	*nyrajite	—

Related terms

*nyrnǫti
*nyrěti, *nyriti
*noriti

*nuriti
*nerti (“to enter? to go deep into?”)
*norà (“den, lair”)

Descendants

Church Slavonic: нырати (nyrati, “to immerse oneself”), 1sg. нырѭ (nyrjǫ), ныраѭ (nyrajǫ); нырꙗти (nyrjati, “to immerse oneself”), 1sg. нырꙗѭ (nyrjajǫ)
East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ныра́ць (nyrácʹ)
- Old Russian: нырꙗти (nyrjati) (14th century)
  - Russian: ныря́ть (nyrjátʹ, “to dive”), 1sg. ныря́ю (nyrjáju)
- Ukrainian: ниря́ти (nyrjáty, “to dive”)

References

Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “ныря́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, pages 581–582
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*nyŗati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360
Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “ныря́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nyr(’)ati”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 26, Moscow: Nauka, page 65

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