< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/piskati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīṣk-. Derksen suggests positing an onomatopoeic root, Proto-Indo-European *pī-, + *-sk-. Vasmer similarly reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *pi-. Cognate with Lithuanian pyškė́ti (“to click, to crack, to snap”) (1sg. pýšku), Latvian pĩkstêt (“to squeak”). Vasmer adds Sanskrit पिच्छोरा (picchorā), पिच्छोला (piccholā, “flute, fife”) < *pisk-, as well as (from the putative root *pi-) Latin pipāre, pipiāre, pīpilāre (“to whistle”), Ancient Greek πίπος (pípos, “chick”), πιππίζω (pippízō, “to whistle”), Sanskrit पिप्पका (píppakā, “(some type of bird)”), पिप्पीक (pippīka, “(some type of animal)”).

Trubachev posits an entirely different root, Proto-Indo-European *(s)peys- (“to blow”), and gives as cognates Middle High German vīsen, vīsten (“to let in wind”), Old Norse fīsa (“to break wind”), Latin spīrō (“to blow”) (infinitive spīrāre).

Verb

*pīskàti

  1. to squeak, to whistle

Inflection
Conjugation of *piskati (?, -a/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*piskanьje *piskati *piskatъ *piskalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *piskanъ *piščimъ
Active *piskavъ *piščę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *piskaxъ*piska*piska *piščǫ*piščiši*piščitь
Dual *piskaxově*piskasta*piskaste *piščivě*piščita*piščite
Plural *piskaxomъ*piskaste*piskašę *piščimъ*piščite*piščętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *piskaaxъ*piskaaše*piskaaše —*pišči*pišči
Dual *piskaaxově*piskaašeta*piskaašete *piščivě*piščita—
Plural *piskaaxomъ*piskaašete*piskaaxǫ *piščimъ*piščite—
Conjugation of *piskati (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*piskanьje *piskati *piskatъ *piskalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *piskanъ *piskajemъ
Active *piskavъ *piskaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *piskaxъ*piska*piska *piskajǫ*piskaješi*piskajetь
Dual *piskaxově*piskasta*piskaste *piskajevě*piskajeta*piskajete
Plural *piskaxomъ*piskaste*piskašę *piskajemъ*piskajete*piskajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *piskaaxъ*piskaaše*piskaaše —*piskaji*piskaji
Dual *piskaaxově*piskaašeta*piskaašete *piskajivě*piskajita—
Plural *piskaaxomъ*piskaašete*piskaaxǫ *piskajimъ*piskajite—
  • *piskorъ, *piskarъ, *piskalъ (“loach, gudgeon”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: пискати (piskati, “to play the svirel”), 1sg. пищꙋ (pišču) (12th century)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: пискати (piskati, “to pipe”), 1sg. пискаѭ (piskajǫ)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: пищя́ (pištjá), пи́скам (pískam, “to whistle, to squeak, to howl, to cry”)
    • Macedonian: писка (piska, “to scream, to shriek”)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: пи́штати
      Latin: píštati
    • Slovene: pískati (“to whistle, to play the flute”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pískam, píščem (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: pískat, píštět (“to whistle”)
    • Polish: piskać (“to whistle, to squeak”); piszczeć (“to whistle, to squeak”), 1sg. piszczę
    • Slovak: pískať, pišťať
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: piskać, pišćeć
      • Lower Sorbian: piskaś, pišćaś

References
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “писк”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 35
  • Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pīskàti; *pīščàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 400
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “пища́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
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