< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sovati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śauˀ-. Cognate with Lithuanian šáuti (“to shoot, to shove”) (1sg. šáuju, šóviau), Latvian šaũt (“to shoot, to shove”) (1sg. šaũju, šaũnu, šãvu), East Latvian dialectal saũt (“to shoot, to shove”).

  • Per Derksen, no clear cognates outside of Balto-Slavic.
  • Per Vasmer, potentially cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (skēwjan, “to wander, to walk”), as well as Old High German sciozzan (“to shoot”), Old Norse skjóta (“to shoot, to move, to push”), Old English sċēotan (“to shoot”), English shoot, Albanian heth (“to throw, to winnow (grain)”) (aorist hodha).
  • Per Trubachev, cognate with Hittite [script needed] (šuu̯āi-, “to push, to move”), Sanskrit सुवति (suvati, “to set in motion”) (although this precludes any connection with the above Balto-Slavic and other cognates, and assumes underlying Proto-Indo-European *s- rather than *ḱ-).

Verb

*sovati impf

  1. to shove

Inflection
Conjugation of *sovati (impf., -a/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*sovanьje *sovati *sovatъ *sovalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *sovanъ *sujemъ
Active *sovavъ *suję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *sovaxъ*sova*sova *sujǫ*suješi*sujetь
Dual *sovaxově*sovasta*sovaste *sujevě*sujeta*sujete
Plural *sovaxomъ*sovaste*sovašę *sujemъ*sujete*sujǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *sovaaxъ*sovaaše*sovaaše —*suji*suji
Dual *sovaaxově*sovaašeta*sovaašete *sujivě*sujita—
Plural *sovaaxomъ*sovaašete*sovaaxǫ *sujimъ*sujite—

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: совати (sovati, “to throw (a javelin)”)
      • Belarusian: со́ваць (sóvacʹ)
      • Russian: сова́ть (sovátʹ, “to shove, to thrust”), 1sg. сую́ (sujú), 3sg. суёт (sujót)
      • Ukrainian: со́вати (sóvaty)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: 3sg. соваатъ (sovaatŭ, “overflows”)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: со́вам (sóvam, “to thrust”)
    • Slovene: suváti (“to thrust, to knock”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. súvem, sújem (tonal orthography); súvati (“to thrust, to knock”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. súvam (tonal orthography); sováti (“to thrust, to knock”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. sújem (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: suvati (“to shove”), 1sg. suju
      • Czech: souvati (“to shove”) (obsolete except in prefixed verbs)
    • Polish: suwać (“to shove, to slide”)
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: suwać
      • Lower Sorbian: suwaś

References
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “сова́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 184
  • Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sovati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 462
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “сова́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
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