< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьmьnъ
Proto-Slavic
Declension
Indefinite declension of *tьmьnъ (hard)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *tьmьnъ | *tьmьna | *tьmьno |
Accusative | *tьmьnъ | *tьmьnǫ | *tьmьno |
Genitive | *tьmьna | *tьmьny | *tьmьna |
Locative | *tьmьně | *tьmьně | *tьmьně |
Dative | *tьmьnu | *tьmьně | *tьmьnu |
Instrumental | *tьmьnomь | *tьmьnojǫ | *tьmьnomь |
Vocative | *tьmьne | *tьmьno | *tьmьno |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *tьmьna | *tьmьně | *tьmьně |
Accusative | *tьmьna | *tьmьně | *tьmьně |
Genitive | *tьmьnu | *tьmьnu | *tьmьnu |
Locative | *tьmьnu | *tьmьnu | *tьmьnu |
Dative | *tьmьnoma | *tьmьnama | *tьmьnoma |
Instrumental | *tьmьnoma | *tьmьnama | *tьmьnoma |
Vocative | *tьmьna | *tьmьně | *tьmьně |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *tьmьni | *tьmьny | *tьmьna |
Accusative | *tьmьny | *tьmьny | *tьmьna |
Genitive | *tьmьnъ | *tьmьnъ | *tьmьnъ |
Locative | *tьmьněxъ | *tьmьnaxъ | *tьmьněxъ |
Dative | *tьmьnomъ | *tьmьnamъ | *tьmьnomъ |
Instrumental | *tьmьny | *tьmьnami | *tьmьny |
Vocative | *tьmьni | *tьmьny | *tьmьna |
Definite declension of *tьmьnъ (hard)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *tьmьnъjь | *tьmьnaja | *tьmьnoje |
Accusative | *tьmьnъjь | *tьmьnǫjǫ | *tьmьnoje |
Genitive | *tьmьnajego | *tьmьnyję | *tьmьnajego |
Locative | *tьmьnějemь | *tьmьněji | *tьmьnějemь |
Dative | *tьmьnujemu | *tьmьněji | *tьmьnujemu |
Instrumental | *tьmьnyjimi | *tьmьnǫjǫ | *tьmьnyjimi |
Vocative | *tьmьnъjь | *tьmьnaja | *tьmьnoje |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *tьmьnaja | *tьmьněji | *tьmьněji |
Accusative | *tьmьnaja | *tьmьněji | *tьmьněji |
Genitive | *tьmьnuju | *tьmьnuju | *tьmьnuju |
Locative | *tьmьnuju | *tьmьnuju | *tьmьnuju |
Dative | *tьmьnyjima | *tьmьnyjima | *tьmьnyjima |
Instrumental | *tьmьnyjima | *tьmьnyjima | *tьmьnyjima |
Vocative | *tьmьnaja | *tьmьněji | *tьmьněji |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *tьmьniji | *tьmьnyję | *tьmьnaja |
Accusative | *tьmьnyję | *tьmьnyję | *tьmьnaja |
Genitive | *tьmьnъjixъ | *tьmьnъjixъ | *tьmьnъjixъ |
Locative | *tьmьnyjixъ | *tьmьnyjixъ | *tьmьnyjixъ |
Dative | *tьmьnyjimъ | *tьmьnyjimъ | *tьmьnyjimъ |
Instrumental | *tьmьnyjimi | *tьmьnyjimi | *tьmьnyjimi |
Vocative | *tьmьniji | *tьmьnyję | *tьmьnaja |
Derived terms
- *tьmьnica (“dungeon”)
- *tьmьnota (“darkness”)
- *tьmьněti (“to darken (become)”)
- *tьmьniti (“to darken (make)”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “тёмный”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “тьма”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 276
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tьmьnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 505: “adj. o (b/c) ‘dark’”
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