Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvьrdь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Noun

*tvьrdь f

citadel, firmament

Declension

Declension of *tvьrdь (i-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*tvьrdь	*tvьrdi	*tvьrdi
Accusative	*tvьrdь	*tvьrdi	*tvьrdi
Genitive	*tvьrdi	tvьrdьju, tvьrďu^*	tvьrdьjь, tvьrdi^*
Locative	*tvьrdi	tvьrdьju, tvьrďu^*	*tvьrdьxъ
Dative	*tvьrdi	*tvьrdьma	*tvьrdьmъ
Instrumental	tvьrdьjǫ, tvьrďǫ^*	*tvьrdьma	*tvьrdьmi
Vocative	*tvьrdi	*tvьrdi	*tvьrdi

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*tvorìti (“to make”)
*tvȃrь (“creation, creature”)
*tvȏrъ (“creation, creature”)
*tvь̑rdъ (“firm, hard, solid”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ)
- Russian: твердь (tverdʹ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: тврьдь (tvrĭdĭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱐ (tvrĭdĭ)
- Bulgarian: твърд (tvǎrd) (archaic)

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tvьrdь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.