< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьlna
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vìlna, Latvian vil̃na, Old Prussian wilna (“skirt”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ū́rṇā), Latin lāna, Proto-Germanic *wullō (< *wulnō).
Declension
Declension of *vь̀lna (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *vь̀lna | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lny |
| Accusative | *vь̀lnǫ | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lny |
| Genitive | *vь̀lny | *vь̀lnu | *vь̀lnъ |
| Locative | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lnu | *vь̀lnasъ, *vь̀lnaxъ* |
| Dative | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lnama | *vь̀lnamъ |
| Instrumental | *vь̀lnojǫ, *vь̀lnǭ** | *vь̀lnama | *vь̀lnamī |
| Vocative | *vь̀lno | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
Etymology 2
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wiln-, from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥Hn-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vilnìs, vilnià, Latvian vilņa
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit ऊर्मि (ūrmi, “wave”), Albanian valë, Old High German wella, German Welle, English well, Old Norse vella.
Declension
Declension of *vьlnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *vьlnà | *vь̑lně | *vь̑lny |
| Accusative | *vь̑lnǫ | *vь̑lně | *vь̑lny |
| Genitive | *vьlný | *vьlnù | *vь̃lnъ |
| Locative | *vь̑lně | *vьlnù | *vьlnàsъ, *vьlnàxъ* |
| Dative | *vьlně̀ | *vьlnàma | *vьlnàmъ |
| Instrumental | *vьlnojǫ́ | *vьlnàma | *vьlnàmi |
| Vocative | *vьlno | *vь̑lně | *vь̑lny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Descendants
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 537
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “волна”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “волна”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 163
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