< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xapati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Onomatopoeic. Traditionally sometimes derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʰap-, but it is nowadays reconstructed as *keh₂p- and must therefore be a separate onomatopoeia.
Inflection
Conjugation of *xapati (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *xapanьje | *xapati | *xapatъ | *xapalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *xapanъ | *xapľemъ |
| Active | *xapavъ | *xapľę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *xapaxъ | *xapa | *xapa | *xapľǫ | *xapľeši | *xapľetь |
| Dual | *xapaxově | *xapasta | *xapaste | *xapľevě | *xapľeta | *xapľete |
| Plural | *xapaxomъ | *xapaste | *xapašę | *xapľemъ | *xapľete | *xapľǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *xapaaxъ | *xapaaše | *xapaaše | — | *xapľi | *xapľi |
| Dual | *xapaaxově | *xapaašeta | *xapaašete | *xapľivě | *xapľita | — |
| Plural | *xapaaxomъ | *xapaašete | *xapaaxǫ | *xapľimъ | *xapľite | — |
Conjugation of *xapati (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *xapanьje | *xapati | *xapatъ | *xapalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *xapanъ | *xapajemъ |
| Active | *xapavъ | *xapaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *xapaxъ | *xapa | *xapa | *xapajǫ | *xapaješi | *xapajetь |
| Dual | *xapaxově | *xapasta | *xapaste | *xapajevě | *xapajeta | *xapajete |
| Plural | *xapaxomъ | *xapaste | *xapašę | *xapajemъ | *xapajete | *xapajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *xapaaxъ | *xapaaše | *xapaaše | — | *xapaji | *xapaji |
| Dual | *xapaaxově | *xapaašeta | *xapaašete | *xapajivě | *xapajita | — |
| Plural | *xapaaxomъ | *xapaašete | *xapaaxǫ | *xapajimъ | *xapajite | — |
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: хапати (xapati, “to seize, to bite, to sting, to trample”) (11th century; accent paradigm b)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: хапьѭще (xapĭjǫšte, “(while) biting”, nom. masc. pl. pres. act. part.)
- Bulgarian: (ха́пвам (hápvam), ха́пна (hápna, “to bite”))
- Macedonian: апе (ape)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: апати (“to bite, to sting”) (dialectal)
- Latin: apati (“to bite, to sting”) (dialectal)
- Slovene: hȃpati (“to snap, (reflexive) to seize”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. hȃpam (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
References
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “ха́пать”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 333
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*xāpàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 202
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xapati”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 08, Moscow: Nauka, page 18
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “ха́пать”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
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