Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/jëxe-

This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Uralic

Reconstruction

Often reconstructed as *juxe-, mainly on the basis of Samic and Finnic. Aikio (2002) argues that most other languages indicate original *ë instead, with irregular development in Samic and Finnic. Zhivlov (2014) proposes that the developments *-ëx- > pre-Finnic *-ox-, pre-Samic *-ux- would actually be regular.

An Indo-European or pre-Indo-Iranian loan etymology has been proposed, from a reduplicated present *ǵʰu-ǵʰew- based on Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- (“to pour”); but if the Samic form with *u is secondary, this cannot be upheld.

A secondary meaning "to flow" appears to be indicated in a number of fossilized derivatives in Finnic, e.g. *joostak (“to run, to flow”), *joottadak (“to give to drink; to solder”).

Verb

*jëxe-

to drink
to flow?

Descendants

Samoyedic: *ër- (“to drink”), *ëkəl- (“to drink avidly”)
Ugric:
- Hungarian: iszik
- Mansi:
  - Northern: аюӈкве (aûňkve)
- Khanty:
  - Northern: ӛнщ (ə̂nŝ)
Permic:
- Komi: юны (juny)
- Udmurt: юыны (juyny)
Mari:
- Hill Mari: йӱӓм (jüäm)
- Meadow Mari: йӱам (jüam)
Samic: *juxe- > *jukëtēk (see there for further descendants)
Finnic: *joxe- > *joodak (see there for further descendants)

References

Aikio, Ante. 2002. "New and Old Samoyed Etymologies". Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 57, pp. 9–57.
Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
Zhivlov, Mikhail. 2014. "Studies in Uralic vocalism III". In Journal of Language Relationship 12, pp. 113–148.