< Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic

Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kowse

This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Uralic

Reconstruction

Long noted as a difficult word to reconstruct. The form *kowse has been suggested by Collinder (1960), and is supported e.g. by Aikio (2013), Zhivlov (2014). Has been also reconstructed as *kuuse, on the basis of Finnic and partly Mordvinic, or *koose, on the basis of Samic and Permic. Janhunen (1981) and Sammallahti (1988) suggest *kaxse (*kåxsɨ in their transcription), mainly based on Samoyedic. UEW reconstructs *kuse, even though this does not regularly match any of the descendants.

Noun

*kowse

  1. spruce

Descendants
  • Samoyedic: *kåət
    • Nganasan: (19th century) [script needed] (kuo), коˮ
    • Enets:
      • Forest Enets: [Term?] (kari)
      • Tundra Enets: [Term?] (kadi)
    • Yurats: [script needed] (cha)
    • Nenets:
    • Selkup: [script needed] (qut)
    • Kamassian: [script needed] (ko'd)
    • Mator: [script needed] (kat)
    • → Proto-Turkic: *kạdɨ
      • Chuvash: хырӑ (hyră)
      • Khakas: хазы (xazı)
      • Tofa: хады
      • Tuvan: хады (hadı)
      • Yakut: кытыан (kıtıan)
  • Ugric:
    • Mansi:
      • Northern: ховт (hovt)
    • Khanty:
  • Permic:
  • Mari: кож (kož)
  • Mordvinic: *kuz
  • Samic: *kuosë (see there for further descendants)
  • Finnic: *kuusi (see there for further descendants)

References
  • Aikio, Ante. 2013. "Uralilaisen kantakielen vokaalistosta". Paper presented at the seminar Etymologia ja kielihistoria: Erkki Itkosen ja Aulis J. Joen 100-vuotisjuhlaseminaari.
  • Collinder, Björn. 1960. Comparative Grammar of the Uralic Languages. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
  • Janhunen, Juha. 1981. "Uralilaisen kantakielen sanastosta" ('On the Vocabulary of the Uralic Proto-Language'). Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 77, pp. 219–274.
  • Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
  • Sammallahti, Pekka. 1988. "Historical phonology of the Uralic languages, with special reference to Samoyed, Ugric and Permic". In Sinor, Denis (ed.), The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences, pp. 478–554. Leiden: Brill. →ISBN.
  • Zhivlov, Mikhail. 2014. "Studies in Uralic vocalism III". In Journal of Language Relationship 12, pp. 113–148.
  • Entry #429 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
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