ajtó
Hungarian
Etymology
From Proto-Ugric *ȣjɜ- (“come off, get looser, get free”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɒjtoː]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: aj‧tó
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ajtó | ajtók |
| accusative | ajtót | ajtókat |
| dative | ajtónak | ajtóknak |
| instrumental | ajtóval | ajtókkal |
| causal-final | ajtóért | ajtókért |
| translative | ajtóvá | ajtókká |
| terminative | ajtóig | ajtókig |
| essive-formal | ajtóként | ajtókként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | ajtóban | ajtókban |
| superessive | ajtón | ajtókon |
| adessive | ajtónál | ajtóknál |
| illative | ajtóba | ajtókba |
| sublative | ajtóra | ajtókra |
| allative | ajtóhoz | ajtókhoz |
| elative | ajtóból | ajtókból |
| delative | ajtóról | ajtókról |
| ablative | ajtótól | ajtóktól |
Two types of the possessive exist. The one with stem change is mostly used in the case of an inalienable possession such as the door of a house or a car. To express that a person has a door, the formation without stem change is used[2] (although in some dialects the stem changed version is used at all places). This is why "ajtajam" is rare, except in dialects.
- without stem change:
| Possessive forms of ajtó | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | ajtóm | ajtóim |
| 2nd person sing. | ajtód | ajtóid |
| 3rd person sing. | ajtója | ajtói |
| 1st person plural | ajtónk | ajtóink |
| 2nd person plural | ajtótok | ajtóitok |
| 3rd person plural | ajtójuk | ajtóik |
- with stem change:
| Possessive forms of ajtó | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | ajtajam | ajtajaim |
| 2nd person sing. | ajtajad | ajtajaid |
| 3rd person sing. | ajtaja | ajtajai |
| 1st person plural | ajtajunk | ajtajaink |
| 2nd person plural | ajtajatok | ajtajaitok |
| 3rd person plural | ajtajuk | ajtajaik |
References
- Entry #1873 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
- Kálmán László: Ajtaja vagy ajtója? in the online edition of Nyelv és Tudomány, 13 August 2013
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