astudio
Welsh
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle English studien, influenced by astud (“diligent”).
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | astudiaf | astudi | astudia | astudiwn | astudiwch | astudiant | astudir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | astudiwn | astudit | astudiai | astudiem | astudiech | astudient | astudid | |
preterite | astudiais | astudiaist | astudiodd | astudiasom | astudiasoch | astudiasant | astudiwyd | |
pluperfect | astudiaswn | astudiasit | astudiasai | astudiasem | astudiasech | astudiasent | astudiasid, astudiesid | |
present subjunctive | astudiwyf | astudiech | astudio | astudiom | astudioch | astudiont | astudier | |
imperative | — | astudia | astudied | astudiwn | astudiwch | astudient | astudier | |
verbal noun | astudio | |||||||
verbal adjectives | astudiedig astudiadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | astudia i, astudiaf i | astudi di | astudith o/e/hi, astudiff e/hi | astudiwn ni | astudiwch chi | astudian nhw |
conditional | astudiwn i, astudiswn i | astudiet ti, astudiset ti | astudiai fo/fe/hi, astudisai fo/fe/hi | astudien ni, astudisen ni | astudiech chi, astudisech chi | astudien nhw, astudisen nhw |
preterite | astudiais i, astudies i | astudiaist ti, astudiest ti | astudiodd o/e/hi | astudion ni | astudioch chi | astudion nhw |
imperative | — | astudia | — | — | astudiwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Derived terms
- astudiaeth (“study”)
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
astudio | unchanged | unchanged | hastudio |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
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