astuma
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *astudak.
Conjugation
Inflection of astuma (ÕS type 28/õppima, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | astun | ei astu | 1st sing. | olen astunud | ei ole astunud pole astunud |
| 2nd sing. | astud | 2nd sing. | oled astunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | astub | 3rd sing. | on astunud | ||
| 1st plur. | astume | 1st plur. | oleme astunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | astute | 2nd plur. | olete astunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | astuvad | 3rd plur. | on astunud | ||
| passive | astutakse | ei astuta | passive | on astutud | ei ole astutud pole astutud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | astusin | ei astunud | 1st sing. | olin astunud | ei olnud astunud polnud astunud |
| 2nd sing. | astusid | 2nd sing. | olid astunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | astus | 3rd sing. | oli astunud | ||
| 1st plur. | astusime | 1st plur. | olime astunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | astusite | 2nd plur. | olite astunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | astusid | 3rd plur. | oli astunud | ||
| passive | astuti | ei astutud | passive | oli astutud | ei olnud astutud polnud astutud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | astuksin | ei astuks | 1st sing. | oleksin astunud | ei oleks astunud poleks astunud |
| 2nd sing. | astuksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid astunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | astuks | 3rd sing. | oleks astunud | ||
| 1st plur. | astuksime | 1st plur. | oleksime astunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | astuksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite astunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | astuksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid astunud | ||
| passive | astutaks | ei astutaks | passive | oleks astutud | ei oleks astutud poleks astutud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | astu | ära astu | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | astugu | ärgu astugu | 3rd sing. | olgu astunud | ärgu olgu astunud |
| 1st plur. | astugem | ärgem astugem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | astuge | ärge astuge | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | astugu | ärgu astugu | 3rd plur. | olgu astunud | ärgu olgu astunud |
| passive | astutagu | ärgu astutagu | passive | olgu astutud | ärgu olgu astutud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | astuvat | ei astuvat | active | olevat astunud | ei olevat astunud polevat astunud |
| passive | astutavat | ei astutavat | passive | olevat astutud | ei olevat astutud polevat astutud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | astuda | ||||||
| nominative | astuma | astutama | des-form | astudes | |||||
| inessive | astumas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | astumast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | astumaks | — | present | astuv | astutav | ||||
| abessive | astumata | — | past | astunud | astutud | ||||
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