atbaill
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- ad·baill
- at·bail
Etymology
From ess- (“out of”) + Class B third-person singular neuter infixed pronoun d- (“it”) + Proto-Celtic *balni-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“throw”). The preterite forms in at·bath- and the verbal noun apthu are from ess- + d- + original preterite passive form of baïd (“to die”), from Proto-Celtic *bā-, *bayo-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“tread”) (via a euphemistic meaning similar to pass away).
Compare Middle Welsh aballu (“die, perish”) (from *ad-balni-), Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “throw”), Old English cwelan (“die”), Old Armenian կեղեմ (kełem, “torment, torture”), Lithuanian gėlà (“pain”)), compare Old Armenian կամ (kam, “to stand”), Latvian gāja (“went”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /adˈval͈ʲ/
Conjugation
Complex, class B I present, t preterite, é future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | at·ball | at·baill | at·baill, ad·baill, at·bail asind·bail (relative) |
at·ballam | at·baillid | at·ballat | at·ballar | |
| Prot. | ·epul | ·epil | ·epil, ·apail | ·eiplem | ·eiplid | ·eiplet | ·apallar, ·epallar | ||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | at·baillinn | at·bailletha | at·bailled | at·bailmis | at·baillethae | ·eiplitis | at·baillethae | |
| Prot. | ·eiplinn | ·eipletha | ·eipled | ·epilmis | ·eiplethae | ·eiplethae | |||
| Preterite | Deut. | at·balt | at·bath | at·bath | at·bathatar asind·bathatar (relative) |
at·batha (with active meaning) | |||
| Prot. | ·apath | ·apathatar | ·aptha (with active meaning) | ||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | at·rubalt | at·rubalt | at·rubaltatar | |||||
| Prot. | ·érbaltatar | ||||||||
| Future | Deut. | at·bél | at·bélae | at·béla | at·bélam | at·bélaid | at·bélat | ||
| Prot. | ·epéla | ·epélat | |||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | at·bélad | at·bélmis | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | at·bel asind·bel (relative) |
at·bela asin·bela (relative) at·roblea (ro-form) |
||||||
| Prot. | ·eplea ·érbala (ro-form) |
·érbalam, ·ǽrbalam (ro-form) | ·eplet ·érbalat (ro-form) |
||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | at·belainn, at·belain asind·belain (relative) |
at·belad asind·belad (relative) ·érbalad (ro-form) |
at·belmais | at·beltais | ||||
| Prot. | ·epled, ·aipled | ·epeltais, ·epíltis | |||||||
| Imperative | eiplet, aiplet | ||||||||
| Verbal noun | epeltu, apthu | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants
- Middle Irish: eplaid, ablaid
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