bolg

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish bolg, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbˠɔlˠəɡ/
  • (Aran) IPA(key): /ˈbˠɔlək/

Noun

bolg m (genitive singular boilg, nominative plural boilg)

  1. belly, stomach, abdomen
  2. (by extension) bellyful
  3. (geology, astronomy, etc.) bulge, broad part, middle (of equator, galaxy, etc.)
  4. bag
  5. (nautical) hold (of ship)
  6. (nautical) bunt, belly (of sail)

Declension
Declension of bolg

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative bolg boilg
Vocative a bhoilg a bholga
Genitive boilg bolg
Dative bolg boilg

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an bolg na boilg
Genitive an bhoilg na mbolg
Dative leis an mbolg

don bholg

 leis na boilg

Derived terms
  • ar bholg an chuain (“in the open harbour”)
  • ar bholg na sráide (“in the open street”)
  • banda boilg (“belly-band”)
  • boilg m pl (“bellows”)
  • boilg an daorghalair (“piles, tumours of haemorrhoids”)
  • boilg fola (“glanders”)
  • boilg gabha (“smith's bellows”)
  • boilg leanna (“waters”)
  • bolg bairille (“bilge of barrel”)
  • bolg béice (“puff-ball”)
  • bolg lampa (“bowl of lamp”)
  • bolg le gréin (“sunbathing”)
  • bolg loinge (“hold of ship”)
  • bolg rite (“distended, full stomach”)
  • bolg saighead (“quiver”)
  • bolg seoil (“belly of sail”)
  • bolg snámha (“air-bladder”)
  • bolg soláthair (“corpus, miscellany”)
  • bolg stoca (“fat indolent person”)
  • cos ar bolg (“oppression”)
  • crua sa bholg (“constipated”)
  • daigh bhoilg (“stomachache”)
  • do bholg a líonadh (“fill one's stomach, eat one's fill”)
  • fead bhoilg (“shrill sound in breathing”)
  • i mbolg an tsamhraidh (“during the longest days of the summer”)
  • i mbolg na bliana (“during the longest days of the year”)

Verb

bolg (present analytic bolgann, future analytic bolgfaidh, verbal noun bolgadh, past participle bolgtha)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) bulge
  2. (transitive, intransitive) blister

Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present bolgaim bolgann tú;
bolgair†		 bolgann sé, sí bolgaimid bolgann sibh bolgann siad;
bolgaid†		 a bholgann; a bholgas /
a mbolgann*; a mbolgas*		 bolgtar
past bholg mé; bholgas bholg tú; bholgais bholg sé, sí bholgamar; bholg muid bholg sibh; bholgabhair bholg siad; bholgadar a bholg /
ar bholg*		 bolgadh
past habitual bholgainn bholgtá bholgadh sé, sí bholgaimis; bholgadh muid bholgadh sibh bholgaidís; bholgadh siad a bholgadh /
ar bholgadh*		 bholgtaí
future bolgfaidh mé;
bolgfad		 bolgfaidh tú;
bolgfair†		 bolgfaidh sé, sí bolgfaimid;
bolgfaidh muid		 bolgfaidh sibh bolgfaidh siad;
bolgfaid†		 a bholgfaidh; a bholgfas /
a mbolgfaidh*; a mbolgfas*		 bolgfar
conditional bholgfainn / mbolgfainn‡‡ bholgfá / mbolgfᇇ bholgfadh sé, sí / mbolgfadh sé, s퇇 bholgfaimis; bholgfadh muid / mbolgfaimis‡‡; mbolgfadh muid‡‡ bholgfadh sibh / mbolgfadh sibh‡‡ bholgfaidís; bholgfadh siad / mbolgfaidís‡‡; mbolgfadh siad‡‡ a bholgfadh /
ar bholgfadh*		 bholgfaí / mbolgfa퇇
subjunctive present go mbolga mé;
go mbolgad†		 go mbolga tú;
go mbolgair†		 go mbolga sé, sí go mbolgaimid;
go mbolga muid		 go mbolga sibh go mbolga siad;
go mbolgaid†		 — go mbolgtar
past dá mbolgainn dá mbolgtá dá mbolgadh sé, sí dá mbolgaimis;
dá mbolgadh muid		 dá mbolgadh sibh dá mbolgaidís;
dá mbolgadh siad		 — dá mbolgtaí
imperative bolgaim bolg bolgadh sé, sí bolgaimis bolgaigí;
bolgaidh†		 bolgaidís — bolgtar
verbal noun bolgadh
past participle bolgtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
bolg bholg mbolg
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish bolg, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [bolɡ]

Noun

bolg m (genitive singular bolgey or bolgagh, plural builg)

  1. belly, stomach, abdomen, tummy
  2. corporation
  3. bilge
  4. bowl (of lamp)

Mutation
Manx mutation
RadicalLenitionEclipsis
bolgvolgmolg
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • “bolg” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /bolɡ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“belly”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”).

Noun

bolg m (genitive builg, nominative plural builg)

  1. belly, stomach
  2. bag, satchel
  3. bellows
Inflection
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Derived terms
Descendants

Noun

bolg f (genitive unattested, nominative plural bolga)

  1. blister, bubble, puffball
  2. bud
  3. boss
Inflection
Feminine ā-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
bolg bolg
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/		 mbolg
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • “bolg m” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • “bolg f” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
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