caoch

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cáech (“blind in one eye; a person blind in one eye”), from Proto-Celtic *kaikos (compare Welsh coeg (“empty, vain, one-eyed, blind”)), from Proto-Indo-European *káykos (“one-eyed”) (compare Latin caecus (“blind”)).

Noun

caoch m (genitive singular caoich, nominative plural caocha)

  1. blind, purblind person, creature

Declension
Declension of caoch

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative caoch ccaocha
Vocative a chaoich a chaocha
Genitive caoich caoch
Dative caoch ccaocha

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an caoch na ccaocha
Genitive an chaoich na gcaoch
Dative leis an gcaoch

don chaoch

 leis na ccaocha

Derived terms
  • caoch láibe (“mole”)

Adjective

caoch (genitive singular masculine caoich, genitive singular feminine caoiche, plural caocha, comparative caoiche)

  1. (of creature) blind, purblind
  2. (of seed-vessel) blind, empty; (of place) blind, closed up
  3. (card games) nontrump

Declension
Declension of caoch
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative caoch chaoch caocha;
chaocha²
Vocative chaoch caocha
Genitive caoiche caocha caoch
Dative caoch;
chaoch¹		 chaoch caocha;
chaocha²
Comparative níos caoiche
Superlative is caoiche

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Verb

caoch (present analytic caochann, future analytic caochfaidh, verbal noun caochadh, past participle caochta)

  1. (transitive) blind; daze, dazzle
  2. (intransitive, of seed-vessel) become empty, wither
  3. (intransitive) close, become blocked
  4. (intransitive) wink (ar (“at”)); flicker

Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present caochaim caochann tú;
caochair†		 caochann sé, sí caochaimid caochann sibh caochann siad;
caochaid†		 a chaochann; a chaochas /
a gcaochann*; a gcaochas*		 caochtar
past chaoch mé; chaochas chaoch tú; chaochais chaoch sé, sí chaochamar; chaoch muid chaoch sibh; chaochabhair chaoch siad; chaochadar a chaoch /
ar chaoch*		 caochadh
past habitual chaochainn / gcaochainn‡‡ chaochtá / gcaochtᇇ chaochadh sé, sí / gcaochadh sé, s퇇 chaochaimis; chaochadh muid / gcaochaimis‡‡; gcaochadh muid‡‡ chaochadh sibh / gcaochadh sibh‡‡ chaochaidís; chaochadh siad / gcaochaidís‡‡; gcaochadh siad‡‡ a chaochadh /
a gcaochadh*		 chaochtaí / gcaochta퇇
future caochfaidh mé;
caochfad		 caochfaidh tú;
caochfair†		 caochfaidh sé, sí caochfaimid;
caochfaidh muid		 caochfaidh sibh caochfaidh siad;
caochfaid†		 a chaochfaidh; a chaochfas /
a gcaochfaidh*; a gcaochfas*		 caochfar
conditional chaochfainn / gcaochfainn‡‡ chaochfá / gcaochfᇇ chaochfadh sé, sí / gcaochfadh sé, s퇇 chaochfaimis; chaochfadh muid / gcaochfaimis‡‡; gcaochfadh muid‡‡ chaochfadh sibh / gcaochfadh sibh‡‡ chaochfaidís; chaochfadh siad / gcaochfaidís‡‡; gcaochfadh siad‡‡ a chaochfadh /
a gcaochfadh*		 chaochfaí / gcaochfa퇇
subjunctive present go gcaocha mé;
go gcaochad†		 go gcaocha tú;
go gcaochair†		 go gcaocha sé, sí go gcaochaimid;
go gcaocha muid		 go gcaocha sibh go gcaocha siad;
go gcaochaid†		 — go gcaochtar
past dá gcaochainn dá gcaochtá dá gcaochadh sé, sí dá gcaochaimis;
dá gcaochadh muid		 dá gcaochadh sibh dá gcaochaidís;
dá gcaochadh siad		 — dá gcaochtaí
imperative caochaim caoch caochadh sé, sí caochaimis caochaigí;
caochaidh†		 caochaidís — caochtar
verbal noun caochadh
past participle caochta

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
caoch chaoch gcaoch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms
  • coech

Etymology

From Old Irish cáech (“blind in one eye; a person blind in one eye”), from Proto-Celtic *kaikos, from Proto-Indo-European *káykos (“one-eyed”).

Adjective

caoch (genitive singular feminine caoiche)

  1. empty
  2. blind
  3. hollow
  4. blasted
  5. one-eyed

Noun

caoch m

  1. grampus
  2. mole
  3. blind beast

References
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