censeo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kensēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱn̥s-é-ti, *ḱn̥s-eyé-ti, from *ḱens- (“to announce”). Cognate with Sanskrit शंसति (śáṃsati, “to declare”), Proto-Iranian *ĉánhati.

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈken.se.oː/, [ˈkẽː.se.oː]

Verb

cēnseō (present infinitive cēnsēre, perfect active cēnsuī, supine cēnsum); second conjugation

  1. I give an opinion.
  2. I think, suppose or judge.
  3. I recommend.
    Ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam
  4. I decree, vote or determine.
  5. I count or reckon.
  6. I assess.

Inflection
   Conjugation of censeo (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cēnseō cēnsēs cēnset cēnsēmus cēnsētis cēnsent
imperfect cēnsēbam cēnsēbās cēnsēbat cēnsēbāmus cēnsēbātis cēnsēbant
future cēnsēbō cēnsēbis cēnsēbit cēnsēbimus cēnsēbitis cēnsēbunt
perfect cēnsuī cēnsuistī cēnsuit cēnsuimus cēnsuistis cēnsuērunt, cēnsuēre
pluperfect cēnsueram cēnsuerās cēnsuerat cēnsuerāmus cēnsuerātis cēnsuerant
future perfect cēnsuerō cēnsueris cēnsuerit cēnsuerimus cēnsueritis cēnsuerint
passive present cēnseor cēnsēris, cēnsēre cēnsētur cēnsēmur cēnsēminī cēnsentur
imperfect cēnsēbar cēnsēbāris, cēnsēbāre cēnsēbātur cēnsēbāmur cēnsēbāminī cēnsēbantur
future cēnsēbor cēnsēberis, cēnsēbere cēnsēbitur cēnsēbimur cēnsēbiminī cēnsēbuntur
perfect cēnsus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect cēnsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect cēnsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cēnseam cēnseās cēnseat cēnseāmus cēnseātis cēnseant
imperfect cēnsērem cēnsērēs cēnsēret cēnsērēmus cēnsērētis cēnsērent
perfect cēnsuerim cēnsuerīs cēnsuerit cēnsuerimus cēnsueritis cēnsuerint
pluperfect cēnsuissem cēnsuissēs cēnsuisset cēnsuissēmus cēnsuissētis cēnsuissent
passive present cēnsear cēnseāris, cēnseāre cēnseātur cēnseāmur cēnseāminī cēnseantur
imperfect cēnsērer cēnsērēris, cēnsērēre cēnsērētur cēnsērēmur cēnsērēminī cēnsērentur
perfect cēnsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect cēnsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — cēnsē — — cēnsēte —
future — cēnsētō cēnsētō — cēnsētōte cēnsentō
passive present — cēnsēre — — cēnsēminī —
future — cēnsētor cēnsētor — — cēnsentor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives cēnsēre cēnsuisse cēnsūrus esse cēnsērī, cēnsērier1 cēnsus esse cēnsum īrī
participles cēnsēns — cēnsūrus — cēnsus cēnsendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
nominative genitive dative/ablative accusative accusative ablative
cēnsēre cēnsendī cēnsendō cēnsendum cēnsum cēnsū

1The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested for this verb.

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  • censeo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • censeo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • censeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the censors hold a census of the people: censores censent populum
    • what is your opinion: quid censes? quid tibi videtur?
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 107
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