cros

See also: crôs, cros-, Cross, cross, and cross-

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish cros, from Latin crux (“cross”).

Noun

cros f (genitive singular croise, nominative plural crosa)

  1. cross
  2. crosspiece
  3. trial, affliction
  4. prohibition

Declension
Declension of cros

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative cros crosa
Vocative a chros a chrosa
Genitive croise cros
Dative cros
crois (archaic, dialectal)		 crosa

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an chros na crosa
Genitive na croise na gcros
Dative leis an gcros
leis an gcrois (archaic, dialectal)

don chros
don chrois (archaic, dialectal)

 leis na crosa

Derived terms
  • airgead croise, píosa croise (“coin engraved with cross; florin”)
  • bata croise, maide croise (“crutch”)
  • comhartha na croise, fíor na croise (“the sign of the cross”)
  • cosa croise (“stilts”)
  • cros- (“cross-”)
  • crosach (“crosswise; crossed, netted; scarred, pockmarked; black-faced; streaky; dirty-faced, grimy”)
  • crosáil (“cross”, verb)
  • crosaire (“cross-bearer”)
  • crosaire (“crossing, crossroads”)
  • crosán (“razorbill”)
  • crosdealbhach (“cruciform”, adjective)
  • Cros Dhearg (“Red Cross”)
  • crosdiabhal (“Devil's imp, mischievous person”)
  • crosóg (“(small) cross; crosse; starfish”)
  • crúbchrois (“fylfot”)
  • Cumann na Croise Deirge (“the Red Cross Society”)
  • lochta croise (“rood-loft”)
  • trasna croise (“cross-arm of cross”)
  • Turas na Croise (“the Stations of the Cross”)

Verb

cros (present analytic crosann, future analytic crosfaidh, verbal noun crosadh, past participle crosta)

  1. cross
  2. traverse
  3. prohibit, forbid
  4. contradict

Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present crosaim crosann tú;
crosair†		 crosann sé, sí crosaimid crosann sibh crosann siad;
crosaid†		 a chrosann; a chrosas /
a gcrosann*; a gcrosas*		 crostar
past chros mé; chrosas chros tú; chrosais chros sé, sí chrosamar; chros muid chros sibh; chrosabhair chros siad; chrosadar a chros /
ar chros*		 crosadh
past habitual chrosainn chrostá chrosadh sé, sí chrosaimis; chrosadh muid chrosadh sibh chrosaidís; chrosadh siad a chrosadh /
ar chrosadh*		 chrostaí
future crosfaidh mé;
crosfad		 crosfaidh tú;
crosfair†		 crosfaidh sé, sí crosfaimid;
crosfaidh muid		 crosfaidh sibh crosfaidh siad;
crosfaid†		 a chrosfaidh; a chrosfas /
a gcrosfaidh*; a gcrosfas*		 crosfar
conditional chrosfainn / gcrosfainn‡‡ chrosfá / gcrosfᇇ chrosfadh sé, sí / gcrosfadh sé, s퇇 chrosfaimis; chrosfadh muid / gcrosfaimis‡‡; gcrosfadh muid‡‡ chrosfadh sibh / gcrosfadh sibh‡‡ chrosfaidís; chrosfadh siad / gcrosfaidís‡‡; gcrosfadh siad‡‡ a chrosfadh /
ar chrosfadh*		 chrosfaí / gcrosfa퇇
subjunctive present go gcrosa mé;
go gcrosad†		 go gcrosa tú;
go gcrosair†		 go gcrosa sé, sí go gcrosaimid;
go gcrosa muid		 go gcrosa sibh go gcrosa siad;
go gcrosaid†		 — go gcrostar
past dá gcrosainn dá gcrostá dá gcrosadh sé, sí dá gcrosaimis;
dá gcrosadh muid		 dá gcrosadh sibh dá gcrosaidís;
dá gcrosadh siad		 — dá gcrostaí
imperative crosaim cros crosadh sé, sí crosaimis crosaigí;
crosaidh†		 crosaidís — crostar
verbal noun crosadh
past participle crosta

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
cros chros gcros
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • "cros" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • Entries containing “cros” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “cros” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
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