ebuka
Zulu
Alternative forms
- -abuka
- -obuka
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jʊ̀bʊka, reversive form of Proto-Bantu *-jʊ̀ba.
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukwebuka | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukwebuka | ukungebuki | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yebuka | -ebuke | |||||||
Plural | yebukani | -ebukeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyebuka, ngebuka | engebukayo, engebuka | ngebuka | angebuki | engingebuki | ngingebuki | |||
2nd singular | uyebuka, webuka | owebukayo, owebuka | webuka | awebuki | ongebuki | ungebuki | |||
1st plural | siyebuka, sebuka | esebukayo, esebuka | sebuka | asebuki | esingebuki | singebuki | |||
2nd plural | niyebuka, nebuka | enebukayo, enebuka | nebuka | anebuki | eningebuki | ningebuki | |||
Class 1 | uyebuka, webuka | owebukayo, owebuka | ebuka | akebuki | ongebuki | engebuki | |||
Class 2 | bayebuka, bebuka | abebukayo, abebuka | bebuka | abebuki | abangebuki | bengebuki | |||
Class 3 | uyebuka, webuka | owebukayo, owebuka | webuka | awebuki | ongebuki | ungebuki | |||
Class 4 | iyebuka, yebuka | eyebukayo, eyebuka | yebuka | ayebuki | engebuki | ingebuki | |||
Class 5 | liyebuka, lebuka | elebukayo, elebuka | lebuka | alebuki | elingebuki | lingebuki | |||
Class 6 | ayebuka, ebuka | ebukayo, ebuka | ebuka | awebuki | angebuki | engebuki | |||
Class 7 | siyebuka, sebuka | esebukayo, esebuka | sebuka | asebuki | esingebuki | singebuki | |||
Class 8 | ziyebuka, zebuka | ezebukayo, ezebuka | zebuka | azebuki | ezingebuki | zingebuki | |||
Class 9 | iyebuka, yebuka | eyebukayo, eyebuka | yebuka | ayebuki | engebuki | ingebuki | |||
Class 10 | ziyebuka, zebuka | ezebukayo, ezebuka | zebuka | azebuki | ezingebuki | zingebuki | |||
Class 11 | luyebuka, lwebuka | olwebukayo, olwebuka | lwebuka | alwebuki | olungebuki | lungebuki | |||
Class 14 | buyebuka, bebuka | obebukayo, obebuka | bebuka | abebuki | obungebuki | bungebuki | |||
Class 15 | kuyebuka, kwebuka | okwebukayo, okwebuka | kwebuka | akwebuki | okungebuki | kungebuki | |||
Class 17 | kuyebuka, kwebuka | okwebukayo, okwebuka | kwebuka | akwebuki | okungebuki | kungebuki | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngebukile, ngebukē | engebukile, engebukē | ngebukile, ngebukē | angebukanga | engingebukanga | ngingebukanga | |||
2nd singular | webukile, webukē | owebukile, owebukē | webukile, webukē | awebukanga | ongebukanga | ungebukanga | |||
1st plural | sebukile, sebukē | esebukile, esebukē | sebukile, sebukē | asebukanga | esingebukanga | singebukanga | |||
2nd plural | nebukile, nebukē | enebukile, enebukē | nebukile, nebukē | anebukanga | eningebukanga | ningebukanga | |||
Class 1 | webukile, webukē | owebukile, owebukē | ebukile, ebukē | akebukanga | ongebukanga | engebukanga | |||
Class 2 | bebukile, bebukē | abebukile, abebukē | bebukile, bebukē | abebukanga | abangebukanga | bengebukanga | |||
Class 3 | webukile, webukē | owebukile, owebukē | webukile, webukē | awebukanga | ongebukanga | ungebukanga | |||
Class 4 | yebukile, yebukē | eyebukile, eyebukē | yebukile, yebukē | ayebukanga | engebukanga | ingebukanga | |||
Class 5 | lebukile, lebukē | elebukile, elebukē | lebukile, lebukē | alebukanga | elingebukanga | lingebukanga | |||
Class 6 | ebukile, ebukē | ebukile, ebukē | ebukile, ebukē | awebukanga | angebukanga | engebukanga | |||
Class 7 | sebukile, sebukē | esebukile, esebukē | sebukile, sebukē | asebukanga | esingebukanga | singebukanga | |||
Class 8 | zebukile, zebukē | ezebukile, ezebukē | zebukile, zebukē | azebukanga | ezingebukanga | zingebukanga | |||
Class 9 | yebukile, yebukē | eyebukile, eyebukē | yebukile, yebukē | ayebukanga | engebukanga | ingebukanga | |||
Class 10 | zebukile, zebukē | ezebukile, ezebukē | zebukile, zebukē | azebukanga | ezingebukanga | zingebukanga | |||
Class 11 | lwebukile, lwebukē | olwebukile, olwebukē | lwebukile, lwebukē | alwebukanga | olungebukanga | lungebukanga | |||
Class 14 | bebukile, bebukē | obebukile, obebukē | bebukile, bebukē | abebukanga | obungebukanga | bungebukanga | |||
Class 15 | kwebukile, kwebukē | okwebukile, okwebukē | kwebukile, kwebukē | akwebukanga | okungebukanga | kungebukanga | |||
Class 17 | kwebukile, kwebukē | okwebukile, okwebukē | kwebukile, kwebukē | akwebukanga | okungebukanga | kungebukanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngēbuka | engēbuka | ngēbuka | angebukanga | engingebukanga | ngingebukanga | |||
2nd singular | wēbuka | owēbuka | wēbuka | awebukanga | ongebukanga | ungebukanga | |||
1st plural | sēbuka | esēbuka | sēbuka | asebukanga | esingebukanga | singebukanga | |||
2nd plural | nēbuka | enēbuka | nēbuka | anebukanga | eningebukanga | ningebukanga | |||
Class 1 | wēbuka | owēbuka | ēbuka | akebukanga | ongebukanga | engebukanga | |||
Class 2 | bēbuka | abēbuka | bēbuka | abebukanga | abangebukanga | bengebukanga | |||
Class 3 | wēbuka | owēbuka | wēbuka | awebukanga | ongebukanga | ungebukanga | |||
Class 4 | yēbuka | eyēbuka | yēbuka | ayebukanga | engebukanga | ingebukanga | |||
Class 5 | lēbuka | elēbuka | lēbuka | alebukanga | elingebukanga | lingebukanga | |||
Class 6 | ēbuka | ēbuka | ēbuka | awebukanga | angebukanga | engebukanga | |||
Class 7 | sēbuka | esēbuka | sēbuka | asebukanga | esingebukanga | singebukanga | |||
Class 8 | zēbuka | ezēbuka | zēbuka | azebukanga | ezingebukanga | zingebukanga | |||
Class 9 | yēbuka | eyēbuka | yēbuka | ayebukanga | engebukanga | ingebukanga | |||
Class 10 | zēbuka | ezēbuka | zēbuka | azebukanga | ezingebukanga | zingebukanga | |||
Class 11 | lwēbuka | olwēbuka | lwēbuka | alwebukanga | olungebukanga | lungebukanga | |||
Class 14 | bēbuka | obēbuka | bēbuka | abebukanga | obungebukanga | bungebukanga | |||
Class 15 | kwēbuka | okwēbuka | kwēbuka | akwebukanga | okungebukanga | kungebukanga | |||
Class 17 | kwēbuka | okwēbuka | kwēbuka | akwebukanga | okungebukanga | kungebukanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingebuka | — | ngingebuka | ngingebuke | — | ngingebuke | |||
2nd singular | ungebuka | — | ungebuka | ungebuke | — | ungebuke | |||
1st plural | singebuka | — | singebuka | singebuke | — | singebuke | |||
2nd plural | ningebuka | — | ningebuka | ningebuke | — | ningebuke | |||
Class 1 | angebuka | — | engebuka | angebuke | — | engebuke | |||
Class 2 | bangebuka | — | bengebuka | bangebuke | — | bengebuke | |||
Class 3 | ungebuka | — | ungebuka | ungebuke | — | ungebuke | |||
Class 4 | ingebuka | — | ingebuka | ingebuke | — | ingebuke | |||
Class 5 | lingebuka | — | lingebuka | lingebuke | — | lingebuke | |||
Class 6 | angebuka | — | engebuka | angebuke | — | engebuke | |||
Class 7 | singebuka | — | singebuka | singebuke | — | singebuke | |||
Class 8 | zingebuka | — | zingebuka | zingebuke | — | zingebuke | |||
Class 9 | ingebuka | — | ingebuka | ingebuke | — | ingebuke | |||
Class 10 | zingebuka | — | zingebuka | zingebuke | — | zingebuke | |||
Class 11 | lungebuka | — | lungebuka | lungebuke | — | lungebuke | |||
Class 14 | bungebuka | — | bungebuka | bungebuke | — | bungebuke | |||
Class 15 | kungebuka | — | kungebuka | kungebuke | — | kungebuke | |||
Class 17 | kungebuka | — | kungebuka | kungebuke | — | kungebuke | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokwebuka | engizokwebuka | ngizokwebuka | angizukwebuka | — | ngingezukwebuka | |||
2nd singular | uzokwebuka | ozokwebuka | uzokwebuka | awuzukwebuka | — | ungezukwebuka | |||
1st plural | sizokwebuka | esizokwebuka | sizokwebuka | asizukwebuka | — | singezukwebuka | |||
2nd plural | nizokwebuka | enizokwebuka | nizokwebuka | anizukwebuka | — | ningezukwebuka | |||
Class 1 | uzokwebuka | ozokwebuka | ezokwebuka | akazukwebuka | — | engezukwebuka | |||
Class 2 | bazokwebuka | abazokwebuka | bezokwebuka | abazukwebuka | — | bengezukwebuka | |||
Class 3 | uzokwebuka | ozokwebuka | uzokwebuka | awuzukwebuka | — | ungezukwebuka | |||
Class 4 | izokwebuka | ezokwebuka | izokwebuka | ayizukwebuka | — | ingezukwebuka | |||
Class 5 | lizokwebuka | elizokwebuka | lizokwebuka | alizukwebuka | — | lingezukwebuka | |||
Class 6 | azokwebuka | azokwebuka | ezokwebuka | awazukwebuka | — | engezukwebuka | |||
Class 7 | sizokwebuka | esizokwebuka | sizokwebuka | asizukwebuka | — | singezukwebuka | |||
Class 8 | zizokwebuka | ezizokwebuka | zizokwebuka | azizukwebuka | — | zingezukwebuka | |||
Class 9 | izokwebuka | ezokwebuka | izokwebuka | ayizukwebuka | — | ingezukwebuka | |||
Class 10 | zizokwebuka | ezizokwebuka | zizokwebuka | azizukwebuka | — | zingezukwebuka | |||
Class 11 | luzokwebuka | oluzokwebuka | luzokwebuka | aluzukwebuka | — | lungezukwebuka | |||
Class 14 | buzokwebuka | obuzokwebuka | buzokwebuka | abuzukwebuka | — | bungezukwebuka | |||
Class 15 | kuzokwebuka | okuzokwebuka | kuzokwebuka | akuzukwebuka | — | kungezukwebuka | |||
Class 17 | kuzokwebuka | okuzokwebuka | kuzokwebuka | akuzukwebuka | — | kungezukwebuka | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokwebuka | engiyokwebuka | ngiyokwebuka | angiyukwebuka | — | ngingeyukwebuka | |||
2nd singular | uyokwebuka | oyokwebuka | uyokwebuka | awuyukwebuka | — | ungeyukwebuka | |||
1st plural | siyokwebuka | esiyokwebuka | siyokwebuka | asiyukwebuka | — | singeyukwebuka | |||
2nd plural | niyokwebuka | eniyokwebuka | niyokwebuka | aniyukwebuka | — | ningeyukwebuka | |||
Class 1 | uyokwebuka | oyokwebuka | eyokwebuka | akayukwebuka | — | engeyukwebuka | |||
Class 2 | bayokwebuka | abayokwebuka | beyokwebuka | abayukwebuka | — | bengeyukwebuka | |||
Class 3 | uyokwebuka | oyokwebuka | uyokwebuka | awuyukwebuka | — | ungeyukwebuka | |||
Class 4 | iyokwebuka | eyokwebuka | iyokwebuka | ayiyukwebuka | — | ingeyukwebuka | |||
Class 5 | liyokwebuka | eliyokwebuka | liyokwebuka | aliyukwebuka | — | lingeyukwebuka | |||
Class 6 | ayokwebuka | ayokwebuka | eyokwebuka | awayukwebuka | — | engeyukwebuka | |||
Class 7 | siyokwebuka | esiyokwebuka | siyokwebuka | asiyukwebuka | — | singeyukwebuka | |||
Class 8 | ziyokwebuka | eziyokwebuka | ziyokwebuka | aziyukwebuka | — | zingeyukwebuka | |||
Class 9 | iyokwebuka | eyokwebuka | iyokwebuka | ayiyukwebuka | — | ingeyukwebuka | |||
Class 10 | ziyokwebuka | eziyokwebuka | ziyokwebuka | aziyukwebuka | — | zingeyukwebuka | |||
Class 11 | luyokwebuka | oluyokwebuka | luyokwebuka | aluyukwebuka | — | lungeyukwebuka | |||
Class 14 | buyokwebuka | obuyokwebuka | buyokwebuka | abuyukwebuka | — | bungeyukwebuka | |||
Class 15 | kuyokwebuka | okuyokwebuka | kuyokwebuka | akuyukwebuka | — | kungeyukwebuka | |||
Class 17 | kuyokwebuka | okuyokwebuka | kuyokwebuka | akuyukwebuka | — | kungeyukwebuka | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngebuke | ngingebuki | |||||||
2nd singular | webuke | ungebuki | |||||||
1st plural | sebuke | singebuki | |||||||
2nd plural | nebuke | ningebuki | |||||||
Class 1 | ebuke | angebuki | |||||||
Class 2 | bebuke | bangebuki | |||||||
Class 3 | webuke | ungebuki | |||||||
Class 4 | yebuke | ingebuki | |||||||
Class 5 | lebuke | lingebuki | |||||||
Class 6 | ebuke | angebuki | |||||||
Class 7 | sebuke | singebuki | |||||||
Class 8 | zebuke | zingebuki | |||||||
Class 9 | yebuke | ingebuki | |||||||
Class 10 | zebuke | zingebuki | |||||||
Class 11 | lwebuke | lungebuki | |||||||
Class 14 | bebuke | bungebuki | |||||||
Class 15 | kwebuke | kungebuki | |||||||
Class 17 | kwebuke | kungebuki | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngebuka | ngangebuka, angebuka, angangebuka | |||||||
2nd singular | webuka | wangebuka, awebuka, awangebuka | |||||||
1st plural | sebuka | sangebuka, asebuka, asangebuka | |||||||
2nd plural | nebuka | nangebuka, anebuka, anangebuka | |||||||
Class 1 | webuka | wangebuka, akebuka, akangebuka | |||||||
Class 2 | bebuka | bangebuka, abebuka, abangebuka | |||||||
Class 3 | webuka | wangebuka, awebuka, awangebuka | |||||||
Class 4 | yebuka | yangebuka, ayebuka, ayangebuka | |||||||
Class 5 | lebuka | langebuka, alebuka, alangebuka | |||||||
Class 6 | ebuka | angebuka, awebuka, awangebuka | |||||||
Class 7 | sebuka | sangebuka, asebuka, asangebuka | |||||||
Class 8 | zebuka | zangebuka, azebuka, azangebuka | |||||||
Class 9 | yebuka | yangebuka, ayebuka, ayangebuka | |||||||
Class 10 | zebuka | zangebuka, azebuka, azangebuka | |||||||
Class 11 | lwebuka | lwangebuka, alwebuka, alwangebuka | |||||||
Class 14 | bebuka | bangebuka, abebuka, abangebuka | |||||||
Class 15 | kwebuka | kwangebuka, akwebuka, akwangebuka | |||||||
Class 17 | kwebuka | kwangebuka, akwebuka, akwangebuka |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “eɓuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “eɓuka (3.2.9)”
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