egon
See also: Egon
Basque
Usage notes
Southern Basque (like Spanish) has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”; izan and egon. Izan is used to express a quality of something, while egon is used to express a state (e.g. location). For example:
- Mahaia handia da. = The table is big. (using izan because this is an inherent quality of the table)
- Mahaia zikina dago. = The table is dirty. (using egon because this is a temporary state that the table is in)
- Iñaki Donostiakoa da. = Iñaki is from San Sebastián. (using izan because it is an immutable quality of Iñaki)
- Iñaki Donostian dago. = Iñaki is in San Sebastián. (using egon because it is describing Iñaki's location)
Northern Basque does not have this distinction, and egon is translated as "to stay" instead, making the last sentence "Iñaki is staying in San Sebastián."
Conjugation
egon ― Non-finite forms
| perfect stem | egon |
|---|---|
| imperfect stem | egoten |
| future stem | egongo |
| short stem | egon |
| verbal noun | egote |
egon ― NOR paradigm
| Mood / Tense | NOR (Absolutive) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | 2nd sg informal | 3rd sg | 1st pl | 2nd sg formal | 2nd pl | 3rd pl | ||
| Ni | Hi | Hura | Gu | Zu | Zuek | Haiek | ||
| Indicative | Present | nago | hago | dago | gaude | zaude | zaudete | daude |
| Past | nengoen | hengoen | zegoen | geunden | zeunden | zeundeten | zeuden | |
| Hypothetic | banengo | bahengo | balego | bageunde | bazeunde | bazeundete | baleude | |
| Potential | Present | nagoke | hagoke | dagoke | gaudeke | zaudeke | zaudekete | daudeke |
| Past | nengokeen | hengokeen | zegokeen | geundekeen | zeundekeen | zeundeketen | zeudekeen | |
| Hypothetic | nengoke | hengoke | legoke | geundeke | zeundeke | zeundeke | leudeke | |
| Imperative | Present | nagoen | hago | bego / dagoela | gauden | zaude | zaudete | beude / daudela |
egon ― NOR-NORI paradigm
| Mood / Tense | NOR (Absolutive) | NORI (Dative) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | 2nd sg informal | 3rd sg | 1st pl | 2nd sg formal | 2nd pl | 3rd pl | ||||
| Ni | Hi | Hura | Gu | Zu | Zuek | Haiek | ||||
| Indicative | Present | hagokit | dagokit | zagozkit | zagozkidate | dagozkit | Niri | 1st sg | ||
| nagokik (m); nagokin (f) |
dagokik (m); dagokin (f) |
gagozkik (m); gagozkin (f) |
dagozkik (m); dagozkin (f) |
Hiri | 2nd sg inf | |||||
| nagokio | hagokio | dagokio | gagozkio | zagozkio | zagozkiote | dagozkio | Hari | 3rd sg | ||
| hagokigu | dagokigu | zagozkigu | zagozkigute | dagozkigu | Guri | 1st pl | ||||
| nagokizu | dagokizu | gagozkizu | dagozkizu | Zuri | 2nd sg for | |||||
| nagokizue | dagokizue | gagozkizue | dagozkizue | Zuei | 2nd pl | |||||
| nagokie | hagokie | dagokie | gagozkie | zagozkie | zagozkiete | dagozkie | Haiei | 3rd pl | ||
| Past | hengokidan | zegokidan | zengozkidan | zengozkidaten | zegozkidan | Niri | 1st sg | |||
| nengokian (m); nengokinan (f) |
zegokian (m); zegokinan (f) |
gengozkian (m); gengozkinan (f) |
zegozkian (m); zegozkinan (f) |
Hiri | 2nd sg inf | |||||
| nengokion | hengokion | zegokion | gengozkion | zengozkion | zengozkioten | zegozkion | Hari | 3rd sg | ||
| hengokigun | zegokigun | zengozkigun | zengozkiguten | zegozkigun | Guri | 1st pl | ||||
| nengokizun | zegokizun | gengozkizun | zegozkizun | Zuri | 2nd sg for | |||||
| nengokizuen | zegokizuen | gengozkizuen | zegozkizuen | Zuei | 2nd pl | |||||
| nengokien | hengokien | zegokien | gengozkien | zengozkien | zengozkieten | zegozkien | Haiei | 3rd pl | ||
| Hypothetic | bahengokit | balegokit | bazengozkit | bazengozkidate | balegozkit | Niri | 1st sg | |||
| banengokik (m); banengokin (f) |
balegokik (m); balegokin (f) |
bagengozkik (m); bagengozkin (f) |
balegozkik (m); balegozkin (f) |
Hiri | 2nd sg inf | |||||
| banengokio | bahengokio | balegokio | bagengozkio | bazengozkio | bazengozkiote | balegozkio | Hari | 3rd sg | ||
| bahengokigu | balegokigu | bazengozkigu | bazengozkigute | balegozkigu | Guri | 1st pl | ||||
| banengokizu | balegokizu | bagengozkizu | balegozkizu | Zuri | 2nd sg for | |||||
| banengokizue | balegokizue | bagengozkizue | balegozkizue | Zuei | 2nd pl | |||||
| banengokie | bahengokie | balegokie | bagengozkie | bazengozkie | bazengozkiete | balegozkie | Haiei | 3rd pl | ||
| Potential | Present | hagokidake | dagokidake | zagozkidake | zagozkidakete | dagozkidake | Niri | 1st sg | ||
| nagokiake (m); nagokinake (f) |
dagokiake (m); dagokinake (f) |
gagozkiake (m); gagozkinake (f) |
dagozkiake (m); dagozkinake (f) |
Hiri | 2nd sg inf | |||||
| nagokioke | hagokioke | dagokioke | gagozkioke | zagozkioke | zagozkiokete | dagozkioke | Hari | 3rd sg | ||
| hagokiguke | dagokiguke | zagozkiguke | zagozkigukete | dagozkiguke | Guri | 1st pl | ||||
| nagokizuke | dagokizuke | gagozkizuke | dagozkizuke | Zuri | 2nd sg for | |||||
| nagokizueke | dagokizueke | gagozkizueke | dagozkizueke | Zuei | 2nd pl | |||||
| nagokieke | hagokieke | dagokieke | gagozkieke | zagozkieke | zagozkiekete | dagozkieke | Haiei | 3rd pl | ||
| Past | hengokidakeen | zegokidakeen | zengozkidakeen | zengozkidaketen | zegozkidakeen | Niri | 1st sg | |||
| nengokian (m); nengokinan (f) |
zegokian (m); zegokinan (f) |
gengozkian (m); gengozkinan (f) |
zegozkian (m); zegozkinan (f) |
Hiri | 2nd sg inf | |||||
| nengokiokeen | hengokiokeen | zegokiokeen | gengozkiokeen | zengozkiokeen | zengozkioketen | zegozkiokeen | Hari | 3rd sg | ||
| hengokigukeen | zegokigukeen | zengozkigukeen | zengozkiguketen | zegozkigukeen | Guri | 1st pl | ||||
| nengokizukeen | zegokizukeen | gengozkizukeen | zegozkizukeen | Zuri | 2nd sg for | |||||
| nengokizuekeen | zegokizuekeen | gengozkizuekeen | zegozkizuekeen | Zuei | 2nd pl | |||||
| nengokiekeen | hengokiekeen | zegokiekeen | gengozkiekeen | zengozkiekeen | zengozkieketen | zegozkiekeen | Haiei | 3rd pl | ||
| Hypothetic | hengokidake | legokidake | zengozkidake | zengozkidakete | legozkidake | Niri | 1st sg | |||
| nengokiake (m); nengokinake (f) |
legokiake (m); legokinake (f) |
gengozkiake (m); gengozkinake (f) |
legozkiake (m); legozkinake (f) |
Hiri | 2nd sg inf | |||||
| nengokioke | hengokioke | legokioke | gengozkioke | zengozkioke | zengozkiokete | legozkioke | Hari | 3rd sg | ||
| hengokiguke | legokiguke | zengozkiguke | zengozkigukete | legozkiguke | Guri | 1st pl | ||||
| nengokizuke | legokizuke | gengozkizuke | legozkizuke | Zuri | 2nd sg for | |||||
| nengokizueke | legokizueke | gengozkizueke | legozkizueke | Zuei | 2nd pl | |||||
| nengokieke | hengokieke | legokieke | gengozkieke | zengozkieke | zengozkiekete | legozkieke | Haiei | 3rd pl | ||
| Imperative | Present | hagokit | bengokit | zagozkit | zagozkidate | begozkit | Niri | 1st sg | ||
| nagokian (m); nagokinan (f) |
bengokik (m); bengokin (f) |
gagozkian (m); gagozkinan (f) |
begozkik (m); begozkin (f) |
Hiri | 2nd sg inf | |||||
| nagokion | hagokio | bengokio | gagozkion | zagozkio | zagozkiote | begozkio | Hari | 3rd sg | ||
| hagokigu | bengokigu | zagozkigu | zagozkigute | begozkigu | Guri | 1st pl | ||||
| nagokizun | bengokizu | gagozkizun | begozkizu | Zuri | 2nd sg for | |||||
| nagokizuen | bengokizue | gagozkizuen | begozkizue | Zuei | 2nd pl | |||||
| nagokien | hagokie | bengokie | gagozkien | zagozkie | zagozkiete | begozkie | Haiei | 3rd pl | ||
Finnish
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