emprunter
French
Etymology
From Middle French emprunter, from Old French, from a Vulgar Latin root *imprumūtuāre, from regressive assimilation of *imprōmūtuāre, from Latin prōmūtuārī, present active infinitive of prōmūtuor, from prōmūtuum. Compare Italian improntare, Romanian împrumuta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/
audio (file)
Verb
emprunter
Conjugation
Conjugation of emprunter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | empruntant /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | emprunté /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | emprunter | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | empruntant /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntons /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɔ̃/ |
empruntez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ |
empruntent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
| imperfect | empruntais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ |
empruntais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ |
empruntait /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ |
empruntions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tjɔ̃/ |
empruntiez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tje/ |
empruntaient /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | empruntai /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ |
empruntas /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta/ |
emprunta /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta/ |
empruntâmes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tam/ |
empruntâtes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tat/ |
empruntèrent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | emprunterai /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁe/ |
emprunteras /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁa/ |
empruntera /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁa/ |
emprunterons /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɔ̃/ |
emprunterez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁe/ |
emprunteront /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | emprunterais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ |
emprunterais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ |
emprunterait /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ |
emprunterions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
emprunteriez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tə.ʁje/ |
emprunteraient /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tjɔ̃/ |
empruntiez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tje/ |
empruntent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
| imperfect2 | empruntasse /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tas/ |
empruntasses /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tas/ |
empruntât /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta/ |
empruntassions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
empruntassiez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta.sje/ |
empruntassent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
— | empruntons /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɔ̃/ |
empruntez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “emprunter” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French, from a Vulgar Latin root *imprumūtuāre, from regressive assimilation of *imprōmūtuāre, from Latin prōmūtuārī, present active infinitive of prōmūtuor, from prōmūtuum.
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of emprunter
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | emprunter | avoir emprunté | |||||
| gerund | en empruntant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | empruntant | ||||||
| past participle | emprunté | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (may be i' before a vowel) | tu | il | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | emprunte | empruntes | emprunte | empruntons | empruntez | empruntent |
| imperfect | empruntois, empruntoys | empruntois, empruntoys | empruntoit, empruntoyt | empruntions, empruntyons | empruntiez, empruntyez | empruntoient, empruntoyent | |
| past historic | emprunta | empruntas | emprunta | empruntasmes | empruntastes | emprunterent | |
| future | emprunterai, emprunteray | emprunteras | empruntera | emprunterons | emprunterez | emprunteront | |
| conditional | emprunterois, emprunteroys | emprunterois, emprunteroys | emprunteroit, emprunteroyt | emprunterions, emprunteryons | emprunteriez, emprunteryez | emprunteroient, emprunteroyent | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie | que tu | qu'il | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | emprunte | empruntes | emprunte | empruntons | empruntez | empruntent |
| imperfect | empruntasse | empruntasses | empruntast | empruntassions | empruntassiez | empruntassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | emprunte | — | empruntons | empruntez | — | ||
Norman
Etymology
From Old French, from a Vulgar Latin root *imprumūtuāre, from regressive assimilation of *imprōmūtuāre, from Latin prōmūtuārī, present active infinitive of prōmūtuor, from prōmūtuum.
Pronunciation
Audio (Jersey) (file)
Antonyms
- prêter (“to lend”)
Derived terms
- emprunt (“loan”)
- emprunteux (“borrower”)
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