engendrer
French
Etymology
From Latin ingenerāre, present active infinitive of ingenerō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁe/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of engendrer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle | engendrant /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | engendré /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁe/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | engendrer | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | engendrant /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | engendre /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ |
engendres /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ |
engendre /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ |
engendrons /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
engendrez /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁe/ |
engendrent /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ |
imperfect | engendrais /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
engendrais /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
engendrait /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
engendrions /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
engendriez /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁi.je/ |
engendraient /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
past historic2 | engendrai /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁe/ |
engendras /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁa/ |
engendra /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁa/ |
engendrâmes /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁam/ |
engendrâtes /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁat/ |
engendrèrent /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɛʁ/ | |
future | engendrerai /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁe/ |
engendreras /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁa/ |
engendrera /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁa/ |
engendrerons /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
engendrerez /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁe/ |
engendreront /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | engendrerais /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɛ/ |
engendrerais /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɛ/ |
engendrerait /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɛ/ |
engendrerions /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
engendreriez /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁje/ |
engendreraient /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | engendre /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ |
engendres /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ |
engendre /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ |
engendrions /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
engendriez /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁi.je/ |
engendrent /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ |
imperfect2 | engendrasse /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁas/ |
engendrasses /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁas/ |
engendrât /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁa/ |
engendrassions /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
engendrassiez /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁa.sje/ |
engendrassent /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | engendre /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃dʁ/ |
— | engendrons /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
engendrez /ɑ̃.ʒɑ̃.dʁe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “engendrer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of engendrer
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | engendrer | avoir engendré | |||||
gerund | en engendrant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | engendrant | ||||||
past participle | engendré | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (may be i' before a vowel) | tu | il | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
simple tenses |
present | engendre | engendres | engendre | engendrons | engendrez | engendrent |
imperfect | engendrois, engendroys | engendrois, engendroys | engendroit, engendroyt | engendrions, engendryons | engendriez, engendryez | engendroient, engendroyent | |
past historic | engendra | engendras | engendra | engendrasmes | engendrastes | engendrerent | |
future | engendrerai, engendreray | engendreras | engendrera | engendrerons | engendrerez | engendreront | |
conditional | engendrerois, engendreroys | engendrerois, engendreroys | engendreroit, engendreroyt | engendrerions, engendreryons | engendreriez, engendreryez | engendreroient, engendreroyent | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie | que tu | qu'il | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
simple tenses |
present | engendre | engendres | engendre | engendrons | engendrez | engendrent |
imperfect | engendrasse | engendrasses | engendrast | engendrassions | engendrassiez | engendrassent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
— | engendre | — | engendrons | engendrez | — |
Old French
Alternative forms
Verb
engendrer
- to engender; to beget
- Jean de Mandeville, Le livre des merveilles du monde, ed. C. Deluz, Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes 31, Paris, 2000. Available via the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
- La comaunda ly angele a Adam q'il cohabistast ovesqez sa femme, si engendra Seth du quel tribu Jhesu Crist nasquy
- Then the angel commanded to Adam that he have sex with his wife, so he begat Seth, from which the tribe of Jesus Christ was born
- La comaunda ly angele a Adam q'il cohabistast ovesqez sa femme, si engendra Seth du quel tribu Jhesu Crist nasquy
- Jean de Mandeville, Le livre des merveilles du monde, ed. C. Deluz, Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes 31, Paris, 2000. Available via the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
- to cause; to bring about; to generate
- 1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):
- Or est il ainsi qu’en iceulx couvertures es parties loing des costes ne se peut engendrer apostume
- Thus it is so that in these coverings in the parts far away from the ribs, an abscess cannot form
-
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of engendrer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | engendrer | avoir engendré | |||||
gerund | en engendrant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | engendrant | ||||||
past participle | engendré | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | engendre | engendres | engendre | engendrons | engendrez | engendrent |
imperfect | engendroie, engendreie, engendroe, engendreve | engendroies, engendreies, engendroes, engendreves | engendroit, engendreit, engendrot, engendreve | engendriiens, engendriens | engendriiez, engendriez | engendroient, engendreient, engendroent, engendrevent | |
preterite | engendrai | engendras | engendra | engendrames | engendrastes | engendrerent | |
future | engendrerai | engendreras | engendrera | engendrerons | engendreroiz, engendrereiz, engendrerez | engendreront | |
conditional | engendreroie, engendrereie | engendreroies, engendrereies | engendreroit, engendrereit | engendreriiens, engendreriens | engendreriiez, engendreriez | engendreroient, engendrereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | engendre | engendres | engendre | engendrons | engendrez | engendrent |
imperfect | engendrasse | engendrasses | engendrast | engendrissons, engendrissiens | engendrissoiz, engendrissez, engendrissiez | engendrassent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | engendre | — | engendrons | engendrez | — |
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