estoffer

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French estoffer.

Verb

estoffer

to decorate, to garnish

Conjugation

Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of estoffer

		simple			compound
infinitive		estoffer			avoir estoffé
gerund		en estoffant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		estoffant
past participle		estoffé
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (may be i' before a vowel)	tu	il	nous	vous	ilz, elles
simple tenses	present	estoffe	estoffes	estoffe	estoffons	estoffez	estoffent
	imperfect	estoffois, estoffoys	estoffois, estoffoys	estoffoit, estoffoyt	estoffions, estoffyons	estoffiez, estoffyez	estoffoient, estoffoyent
	past historic	estoffa	estoffas	estoffa	estoffasmes	estoffastes	estofferent
	future	estofferai, estofferay	estofferas	estoffera	estofferons	estofferez	estofferont
	conditional	estofferois, estofferoys	estofferois, estofferoys	estofferoit, estofferoyt	estofferions, estofferyons	estofferiez, estofferyez	estofferoient, estofferoyent
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que ie	que tu	qu'il	que nous	que vous	qu'ilz, qu'elles
simple tenses	present	estoffe	estoffes	estoffe	estoffons	estoffez	estoffent
simple tenses	imperfect	estoffasse	estoffasses	estoffast	estoffassions	estoffassiez	estoffassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
compound tenses	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
imperative		—	estoffe	—	estoffons	estoffez	—

Descendants

French: étoffer

Old French

Alternative forms

estofer

Etymology

Borrowed from Old High German stoffōn or Frankish *stopfōn, *stoppōn, both from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close, push, prick”).

Verb

estoffer

to decorate, garnish

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ff, *-ffs, *-fft are modified to f, s, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

Conjugation of estoffer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		estoffer			avoir estoffé
gerund		en estoffant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		estoffant
past participle		estoffé
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	estof	estoffes	estoffe	estoffons	estoffez	estoffent
	imperfect	estoffoie, estoffeie, estoffoe, estoffeve	estoffoies, estoffeies, estoffoes, estoffeves	estoffoit, estoffeit, estoffot, estoffeve	estoffiiens, estoffiens	estoffiiez, estoffiez	estoffoient, estoffeient, estoffoent, estoffevent
	preterite	estoffai	estoffas	estoffa	estoffames	estoffastes	estofferent
	future	estofferai	estofferas	estoffera	estofferons	estofferoiz, estoffereiz, estofferez	estofferont
	conditional	estofferoie, estoffereie	estofferoies, estoffereies	estofferoit, estoffereit	estofferiiens, estofferiens	estofferiiez, estofferiez	estofferoient, estoffereient
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	estof	estos	estot	estoffons	estoffez	estoffent
simple tenses	imperfect	estoffasse	estoffasses	estoffast	estoffissons, estoffissiens	estoffissoiz, estoffissez, estoffissiez	estoffassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
compound tenses	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
imperative		—	estoffe	—	estoffons	estoffez	—

Descendants

Middle French: estoffer
- French: étoffer
→ Middle Dutch: stoffēren
- Dutch: stofferen
- → Middle Low German: staffēren
  - → German: staffieren
→ Middle English: stuffen
- English: stuff
  - → French: stoff
- Scots: stuff

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