étoffer
French
Etymology
From Middle French estoffer, from Old French estoffer, estofer (“to provide what is needed, equip, decorate”) (originally: "stuff, upholster"), from Old Frankish *stopfôn (“to put, shove, push in”), from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close, push, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *stHb-, *stHbʰ-, *stemb-, *stembʰ- (“to stay, support, stamp, become angry, be amazed”). Cognate with Old High German stopfôn (“to put, shove, push in”), Old English stoppian (“to stop, close an aperture”). More at stop.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.tɔ.fe/
Verb
étoffer
- to stuff (a pillow, food)
- Synonyms: confectionner, farcir
- (furniture) to upholster
- (clothing) to fill out
- to pad out; to flesh out (give something more substance)
- Synonym: enrichir
- (reflexive, also figuratively) to fill out (to get plumper)
- Je grandis, je grossis, je m'étoffe.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 2009 February 4, Claire Gatinois, “Hans Beck, créateur des figurines en plastique Playmobil”, in Le monde, archived from the original on 2009-02-05:
- L'univers de Playmobil s'est étoffé : animaux de la ferme, camions de pompiers, bateaux pirates… Une "ville Playmobil" a même été créée, à 10 kilomètres de Nuremberg.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
Conjugation
Conjugation of étoffer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle | étoffant /e.tɔ.fɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | étoffé /e.tɔ.fe/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | étoffer | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | étoffant /e.tɔ.fɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | étoffe /e.tɔf/ |
étoffes /e.tɔf/ |
étoffe /e.tɔf/ |
étoffons /e.tɔ.fɔ̃/ |
étoffez /e.tɔ.fe/ |
étoffent /e.tɔf/ |
imperfect | étoffais /e.tɔ.fɛ/ |
étoffais /e.tɔ.fɛ/ |
étoffait /e.tɔ.fɛ/ |
étoffions /e.tɔ.fjɔ̃/ |
étoffiez /e.tɔ.fje/ |
étoffaient /e.tɔ.fɛ/ | |
past historic2 | étoffai /e.tɔ.fe/ |
étoffas /e.tɔ.fa/ |
étoffa /e.tɔ.fa/ |
étoffâmes /e.tɔ.fam/ |
étoffâtes /e.tɔ.fat/ |
étoffèrent /e.tɔ.fɛʁ/ | |
future | étofferai /e.tɔ.fʁe/ |
étofferas /e.tɔ.fʁa/ |
étoffera /e.tɔ.fʁa/ |
étofferons /e.tɔ.fʁɔ̃/ |
étofferez /e.tɔ.fʁe/ |
étofferont /e.tɔ.fʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | étofferais /e.tɔ.fʁɛ/ |
étofferais /e.tɔ.fʁɛ/ |
étofferait /e.tɔ.fʁɛ/ |
étofferions /e.tɔ.fə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
étofferiez /e.tɔ.fə.ʁje/ |
étofferaient /e.tɔ.fʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | étoffe /e.tɔf/ |
étoffes /e.tɔf/ |
étoffe /e.tɔf/ |
étoffions /e.tɔ.fjɔ̃/ |
étoffiez /e.tɔ.fje/ |
étoffent /e.tɔf/ |
imperfect2 | étoffasse /e.tɔ.fas/ |
étoffasses /e.tɔ.fas/ |
étoffât /e.tɔ.fa/ |
étoffassions /e.tɔ.fa.sjɔ̃/ |
étoffassiez /e.tɔ.fa.sje/ |
étoffassent /e.tɔ.fas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | étoffe /e.tɔf/ |
— | étoffons /e.tɔ.fɔ̃/ |
étoffez /e.tɔ.fe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
- étoffe
- étoffement
Further reading
- “étoffer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
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