ethuka
Zulu
Alternative forms
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukwethuka | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukwethuka | ukungethuki | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yethuka | -ethuke | |||||||
Plural | yethukani | -ethukeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyethuka, ngethuka | engethukayo, engethuka | ngethuka | angethuki | engingethuki | ngingethuki | |||
2nd singular | uyethuka, wethuka | owethukayo, owethuka | wethuka | awethuki | ongethuki | ungethuki | |||
1st plural | siyethuka, sethuka | esethukayo, esethuka | sethuka | asethuki | esingethuki | singethuki | |||
2nd plural | niyethuka, nethuka | enethukayo, enethuka | nethuka | anethuki | eningethuki | ningethuki | |||
Class 1 | uyethuka, wethuka | owethukayo, owethuka | ethuka | akethuki | ongethuki | engethuki | |||
Class 2 | bayethuka, bethuka | abethukayo, abethuka | bethuka | abethuki | abangethuki | bengethuki | |||
Class 3 | uyethuka, wethuka | owethukayo, owethuka | wethuka | awethuki | ongethuki | ungethuki | |||
Class 4 | iyethuka, yethuka | eyethukayo, eyethuka | yethuka | ayethuki | engethuki | ingethuki | |||
Class 5 | liyethuka, lethuka | elethukayo, elethuka | lethuka | alethuki | elingethuki | lingethuki | |||
Class 6 | ayethuka, ethuka | ethukayo, ethuka | ethuka | awethuki | angethuki | engethuki | |||
Class 7 | siyethuka, sethuka | esethukayo, esethuka | sethuka | asethuki | esingethuki | singethuki | |||
Class 8 | ziyethuka, zethuka | ezethukayo, ezethuka | zethuka | azethuki | ezingethuki | zingethuki | |||
Class 9 | iyethuka, yethuka | eyethukayo, eyethuka | yethuka | ayethuki | engethuki | ingethuki | |||
Class 10 | ziyethuka, zethuka | ezethukayo, ezethuka | zethuka | azethuki | ezingethuki | zingethuki | |||
Class 11 | luyethuka, lwethuka | olwethukayo, olwethuka | lwethuka | alwethuki | olungethuki | lungethuki | |||
Class 14 | buyethuka, bethuka | obethukayo, obethuka | bethuka | abethuki | obungethuki | bungethuki | |||
Class 15 | kuyethuka, kwethuka | okwethukayo, okwethuka | kwethuka | akwethuki | okungethuki | kungethuki | |||
Class 17 | kuyethuka, kwethuka | okwethukayo, okwethuka | kwethuka | akwethuki | okungethuki | kungethuki | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngethukile, ngethukē | engethukile, engethukē | ngethukile, ngethukē | angethukanga | engingethukanga | ngingethukanga | |||
2nd singular | wethukile, wethukē | owethukile, owethukē | wethukile, wethukē | awethukanga | ongethukanga | ungethukanga | |||
1st plural | sethukile, sethukē | esethukile, esethukē | sethukile, sethukē | asethukanga | esingethukanga | singethukanga | |||
2nd plural | nethukile, nethukē | enethukile, enethukē | nethukile, nethukē | anethukanga | eningethukanga | ningethukanga | |||
Class 1 | wethukile, wethukē | owethukile, owethukē | ethukile, ethukē | akethukanga | ongethukanga | engethukanga | |||
Class 2 | bethukile, bethukē | abethukile, abethukē | bethukile, bethukē | abethukanga | abangethukanga | bengethukanga | |||
Class 3 | wethukile, wethukē | owethukile, owethukē | wethukile, wethukē | awethukanga | ongethukanga | ungethukanga | |||
Class 4 | yethukile, yethukē | eyethukile, eyethukē | yethukile, yethukē | ayethukanga | engethukanga | ingethukanga | |||
Class 5 | lethukile, lethukē | elethukile, elethukē | lethukile, lethukē | alethukanga | elingethukanga | lingethukanga | |||
Class 6 | ethukile, ethukē | ethukile, ethukē | ethukile, ethukē | awethukanga | angethukanga | engethukanga | |||
Class 7 | sethukile, sethukē | esethukile, esethukē | sethukile, sethukē | asethukanga | esingethukanga | singethukanga | |||
Class 8 | zethukile, zethukē | ezethukile, ezethukē | zethukile, zethukē | azethukanga | ezingethukanga | zingethukanga | |||
Class 9 | yethukile, yethukē | eyethukile, eyethukē | yethukile, yethukē | ayethukanga | engethukanga | ingethukanga | |||
Class 10 | zethukile, zethukē | ezethukile, ezethukē | zethukile, zethukē | azethukanga | ezingethukanga | zingethukanga | |||
Class 11 | lwethukile, lwethukē | olwethukile, olwethukē | lwethukile, lwethukē | alwethukanga | olungethukanga | lungethukanga | |||
Class 14 | bethukile, bethukē | obethukile, obethukē | bethukile, bethukē | abethukanga | obungethukanga | bungethukanga | |||
Class 15 | kwethukile, kwethukē | okwethukile, okwethukē | kwethukile, kwethukē | akwethukanga | okungethukanga | kungethukanga | |||
Class 17 | kwethukile, kwethukē | okwethukile, okwethukē | kwethukile, kwethukē | akwethukanga | okungethukanga | kungethukanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngēthuka | engēthuka | ngēthuka | angethukanga | engingethukanga | ngingethukanga | |||
2nd singular | wēthuka | owēthuka | wēthuka | awethukanga | ongethukanga | ungethukanga | |||
1st plural | sēthuka | esēthuka | sēthuka | asethukanga | esingethukanga | singethukanga | |||
2nd plural | nēthuka | enēthuka | nēthuka | anethukanga | eningethukanga | ningethukanga | |||
Class 1 | wēthuka | owēthuka | ēthuka | akethukanga | ongethukanga | engethukanga | |||
Class 2 | bēthuka | abēthuka | bēthuka | abethukanga | abangethukanga | bengethukanga | |||
Class 3 | wēthuka | owēthuka | wēthuka | awethukanga | ongethukanga | ungethukanga | |||
Class 4 | yēthuka | eyēthuka | yēthuka | ayethukanga | engethukanga | ingethukanga | |||
Class 5 | lēthuka | elēthuka | lēthuka | alethukanga | elingethukanga | lingethukanga | |||
Class 6 | ēthuka | ēthuka | ēthuka | awethukanga | angethukanga | engethukanga | |||
Class 7 | sēthuka | esēthuka | sēthuka | asethukanga | esingethukanga | singethukanga | |||
Class 8 | zēthuka | ezēthuka | zēthuka | azethukanga | ezingethukanga | zingethukanga | |||
Class 9 | yēthuka | eyēthuka | yēthuka | ayethukanga | engethukanga | ingethukanga | |||
Class 10 | zēthuka | ezēthuka | zēthuka | azethukanga | ezingethukanga | zingethukanga | |||
Class 11 | lwēthuka | olwēthuka | lwēthuka | alwethukanga | olungethukanga | lungethukanga | |||
Class 14 | bēthuka | obēthuka | bēthuka | abethukanga | obungethukanga | bungethukanga | |||
Class 15 | kwēthuka | okwēthuka | kwēthuka | akwethukanga | okungethukanga | kungethukanga | |||
Class 17 | kwēthuka | okwēthuka | kwēthuka | akwethukanga | okungethukanga | kungethukanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingethuka | — | ngingethuka | ngingethuke | — | ngingethuke | |||
2nd singular | ungethuka | — | ungethuka | ungethuke | — | ungethuke | |||
1st plural | singethuka | — | singethuka | singethuke | — | singethuke | |||
2nd plural | ningethuka | — | ningethuka | ningethuke | — | ningethuke | |||
Class 1 | angethuka | — | engethuka | angethuke | — | engethuke | |||
Class 2 | bangethuka | — | bengethuka | bangethuke | — | bengethuke | |||
Class 3 | ungethuka | — | ungethuka | ungethuke | — | ungethuke | |||
Class 4 | ingethuka | — | ingethuka | ingethuke | — | ingethuke | |||
Class 5 | lingethuka | — | lingethuka | lingethuke | — | lingethuke | |||
Class 6 | angethuka | — | engethuka | angethuke | — | engethuke | |||
Class 7 | singethuka | — | singethuka | singethuke | — | singethuke | |||
Class 8 | zingethuka | — | zingethuka | zingethuke | — | zingethuke | |||
Class 9 | ingethuka | — | ingethuka | ingethuke | — | ingethuke | |||
Class 10 | zingethuka | — | zingethuka | zingethuke | — | zingethuke | |||
Class 11 | lungethuka | — | lungethuka | lungethuke | — | lungethuke | |||
Class 14 | bungethuka | — | bungethuka | bungethuke | — | bungethuke | |||
Class 15 | kungethuka | — | kungethuka | kungethuke | — | kungethuke | |||
Class 17 | kungethuka | — | kungethuka | kungethuke | — | kungethuke | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokwethuka | engizokwethuka | ngizokwethuka | angizukwethuka | — | ngingezukwethuka | |||
2nd singular | uzokwethuka | ozokwethuka | uzokwethuka | awuzukwethuka | — | ungezukwethuka | |||
1st plural | sizokwethuka | esizokwethuka | sizokwethuka | asizukwethuka | — | singezukwethuka | |||
2nd plural | nizokwethuka | enizokwethuka | nizokwethuka | anizukwethuka | — | ningezukwethuka | |||
Class 1 | uzokwethuka | ozokwethuka | ezokwethuka | akazukwethuka | — | engezukwethuka | |||
Class 2 | bazokwethuka | abazokwethuka | bezokwethuka | abazukwethuka | — | bengezukwethuka | |||
Class 3 | uzokwethuka | ozokwethuka | uzokwethuka | awuzukwethuka | — | ungezukwethuka | |||
Class 4 | izokwethuka | ezokwethuka | izokwethuka | ayizukwethuka | — | ingezukwethuka | |||
Class 5 | lizokwethuka | elizokwethuka | lizokwethuka | alizukwethuka | — | lingezukwethuka | |||
Class 6 | azokwethuka | azokwethuka | ezokwethuka | awazukwethuka | — | engezukwethuka | |||
Class 7 | sizokwethuka | esizokwethuka | sizokwethuka | asizukwethuka | — | singezukwethuka | |||
Class 8 | zizokwethuka | ezizokwethuka | zizokwethuka | azizukwethuka | — | zingezukwethuka | |||
Class 9 | izokwethuka | ezokwethuka | izokwethuka | ayizukwethuka | — | ingezukwethuka | |||
Class 10 | zizokwethuka | ezizokwethuka | zizokwethuka | azizukwethuka | — | zingezukwethuka | |||
Class 11 | luzokwethuka | oluzokwethuka | luzokwethuka | aluzukwethuka | — | lungezukwethuka | |||
Class 14 | buzokwethuka | obuzokwethuka | buzokwethuka | abuzukwethuka | — | bungezukwethuka | |||
Class 15 | kuzokwethuka | okuzokwethuka | kuzokwethuka | akuzukwethuka | — | kungezukwethuka | |||
Class 17 | kuzokwethuka | okuzokwethuka | kuzokwethuka | akuzukwethuka | — | kungezukwethuka | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokwethuka | engiyokwethuka | ngiyokwethuka | angiyukwethuka | — | ngingeyukwethuka | |||
2nd singular | uyokwethuka | oyokwethuka | uyokwethuka | awuyukwethuka | — | ungeyukwethuka | |||
1st plural | siyokwethuka | esiyokwethuka | siyokwethuka | asiyukwethuka | — | singeyukwethuka | |||
2nd plural | niyokwethuka | eniyokwethuka | niyokwethuka | aniyukwethuka | — | ningeyukwethuka | |||
Class 1 | uyokwethuka | oyokwethuka | eyokwethuka | akayukwethuka | — | engeyukwethuka | |||
Class 2 | bayokwethuka | abayokwethuka | beyokwethuka | abayukwethuka | — | bengeyukwethuka | |||
Class 3 | uyokwethuka | oyokwethuka | uyokwethuka | awuyukwethuka | — | ungeyukwethuka | |||
Class 4 | iyokwethuka | eyokwethuka | iyokwethuka | ayiyukwethuka | — | ingeyukwethuka | |||
Class 5 | liyokwethuka | eliyokwethuka | liyokwethuka | aliyukwethuka | — | lingeyukwethuka | |||
Class 6 | ayokwethuka | ayokwethuka | eyokwethuka | awayukwethuka | — | engeyukwethuka | |||
Class 7 | siyokwethuka | esiyokwethuka | siyokwethuka | asiyukwethuka | — | singeyukwethuka | |||
Class 8 | ziyokwethuka | eziyokwethuka | ziyokwethuka | aziyukwethuka | — | zingeyukwethuka | |||
Class 9 | iyokwethuka | eyokwethuka | iyokwethuka | ayiyukwethuka | — | ingeyukwethuka | |||
Class 10 | ziyokwethuka | eziyokwethuka | ziyokwethuka | aziyukwethuka | — | zingeyukwethuka | |||
Class 11 | luyokwethuka | oluyokwethuka | luyokwethuka | aluyukwethuka | — | lungeyukwethuka | |||
Class 14 | buyokwethuka | obuyokwethuka | buyokwethuka | abuyukwethuka | — | bungeyukwethuka | |||
Class 15 | kuyokwethuka | okuyokwethuka | kuyokwethuka | akuyukwethuka | — | kungeyukwethuka | |||
Class 17 | kuyokwethuka | okuyokwethuka | kuyokwethuka | akuyukwethuka | — | kungeyukwethuka | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngethuke | ngingethuki | |||||||
2nd singular | wethuke | ungethuki | |||||||
1st plural | sethuke | singethuki | |||||||
2nd plural | nethuke | ningethuki | |||||||
Class 1 | ethuke | angethuki | |||||||
Class 2 | bethuke | bangethuki | |||||||
Class 3 | wethuke | ungethuki | |||||||
Class 4 | yethuke | ingethuki | |||||||
Class 5 | lethuke | lingethuki | |||||||
Class 6 | ethuke | angethuki | |||||||
Class 7 | sethuke | singethuki | |||||||
Class 8 | zethuke | zingethuki | |||||||
Class 9 | yethuke | ingethuki | |||||||
Class 10 | zethuke | zingethuki | |||||||
Class 11 | lwethuke | lungethuki | |||||||
Class 14 | bethuke | bungethuki | |||||||
Class 15 | kwethuke | kungethuki | |||||||
Class 17 | kwethuke | kungethuki | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngethuka | ngangethuka, angethuka, angangethuka | |||||||
2nd singular | wethuka | wangethuka, awethuka, awangethuka | |||||||
1st plural | sethuka | sangethuka, asethuka, asangethuka | |||||||
2nd plural | nethuka | nangethuka, anethuka, anangethuka | |||||||
Class 1 | wethuka | wangethuka, akethuka, akangethuka | |||||||
Class 2 | bethuka | bangethuka, abethuka, abangethuka | |||||||
Class 3 | wethuka | wangethuka, awethuka, awangethuka | |||||||
Class 4 | yethuka | yangethuka, ayethuka, ayangethuka | |||||||
Class 5 | lethuka | langethuka, alethuka, alangethuka | |||||||
Class 6 | ethuka | angethuka, awethuka, awangethuka | |||||||
Class 7 | sethuka | sangethuka, asethuka, asangethuka | |||||||
Class 8 | zethuka | zangethuka, azethuka, azangethuka | |||||||
Class 9 | yethuka | yangethuka, ayethuka, ayangethuka | |||||||
Class 10 | zethuka | zangethuka, azethuka, azangethuka | |||||||
Class 11 | lwethuka | lwangethuka, alwethuka, alwangethuka | |||||||
Class 14 | bethuka | bangethuka, abethuka, abangethuka | |||||||
Class 15 | kwethuka | kwangethuka, akwethuka, akwangethuka | |||||||
Class 17 | kwethuka | kwangethuka, akwethuka, akwangethuka |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ethuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ethuka (3.2.9)”
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *-jítʊka.
Alternative forms
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukwethuka | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukwethuka | ukungethuki | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yethuka | -ethuke | |||||||
Plural | yethukani | -ethukeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyethuka, ngethuka | engethukayo, engethuka | ngethuka | angethuki | engingethuki | ngingethuki | |||
2nd singular | uyethuka, wethuka | owethukayo, owethuka | wethuka | awethuki | ongethuki | ungethuki | |||
1st plural | siyethuka, sethuka | esethukayo, esethuka | sethuka | asethuki | esingethuki | singethuki | |||
2nd plural | niyethuka, nethuka | enethukayo, enethuka | nethuka | anethuki | eningethuki | ningethuki | |||
Class 1 | uyethuka, wethuka | owethukayo, owethuka | ethuka | akethuki | ongethuki | engethuki | |||
Class 2 | bayethuka, bethuka | abethukayo, abethuka | bethuka | abethuki | abangethuki | bengethuki | |||
Class 3 | uyethuka, wethuka | owethukayo, owethuka | wethuka | awethuki | ongethuki | ungethuki | |||
Class 4 | iyethuka, yethuka | eyethukayo, eyethuka | yethuka | ayethuki | engethuki | ingethuki | |||
Class 5 | liyethuka, lethuka | elethukayo, elethuka | lethuka | alethuki | elingethuki | lingethuki | |||
Class 6 | ayethuka, ethuka | ethukayo, ethuka | ethuka | awethuki | angethuki | engethuki | |||
Class 7 | siyethuka, sethuka | esethukayo, esethuka | sethuka | asethuki | esingethuki | singethuki | |||
Class 8 | ziyethuka, zethuka | ezethukayo, ezethuka | zethuka | azethuki | ezingethuki | zingethuki | |||
Class 9 | iyethuka, yethuka | eyethukayo, eyethuka | yethuka | ayethuki | engethuki | ingethuki | |||
Class 10 | ziyethuka, zethuka | ezethukayo, ezethuka | zethuka | azethuki | ezingethuki | zingethuki | |||
Class 11 | luyethuka, lwethuka | olwethukayo, olwethuka | lwethuka | alwethuki | olungethuki | lungethuki | |||
Class 14 | buyethuka, bethuka | obethukayo, obethuka | bethuka | abethuki | obungethuki | bungethuki | |||
Class 15 | kuyethuka, kwethuka | okwethukayo, okwethuka | kwethuka | akwethuki | okungethuki | kungethuki | |||
Class 17 | kuyethuka, kwethuka | okwethukayo, okwethuka | kwethuka | akwethuki | okungethuki | kungethuki | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngethukile, ngethukē | engethukile, engethukē | ngethukile, ngethukē | angethukanga | engingethukanga | ngingethukanga | |||
2nd singular | wethukile, wethukē | owethukile, owethukē | wethukile, wethukē | awethukanga | ongethukanga | ungethukanga | |||
1st plural | sethukile, sethukē | esethukile, esethukē | sethukile, sethukē | asethukanga | esingethukanga | singethukanga | |||
2nd plural | nethukile, nethukē | enethukile, enethukē | nethukile, nethukē | anethukanga | eningethukanga | ningethukanga | |||
Class 1 | wethukile, wethukē | owethukile, owethukē | ethukile, ethukē | akethukanga | ongethukanga | engethukanga | |||
Class 2 | bethukile, bethukē | abethukile, abethukē | bethukile, bethukē | abethukanga | abangethukanga | bengethukanga | |||
Class 3 | wethukile, wethukē | owethukile, owethukē | wethukile, wethukē | awethukanga | ongethukanga | ungethukanga | |||
Class 4 | yethukile, yethukē | eyethukile, eyethukē | yethukile, yethukē | ayethukanga | engethukanga | ingethukanga | |||
Class 5 | lethukile, lethukē | elethukile, elethukē | lethukile, lethukē | alethukanga | elingethukanga | lingethukanga | |||
Class 6 | ethukile, ethukē | ethukile, ethukē | ethukile, ethukē | awethukanga | angethukanga | engethukanga | |||
Class 7 | sethukile, sethukē | esethukile, esethukē | sethukile, sethukē | asethukanga | esingethukanga | singethukanga | |||
Class 8 | zethukile, zethukē | ezethukile, ezethukē | zethukile, zethukē | azethukanga | ezingethukanga | zingethukanga | |||
Class 9 | yethukile, yethukē | eyethukile, eyethukē | yethukile, yethukē | ayethukanga | engethukanga | ingethukanga | |||
Class 10 | zethukile, zethukē | ezethukile, ezethukē | zethukile, zethukē | azethukanga | ezingethukanga | zingethukanga | |||
Class 11 | lwethukile, lwethukē | olwethukile, olwethukē | lwethukile, lwethukē | alwethukanga | olungethukanga | lungethukanga | |||
Class 14 | bethukile, bethukē | obethukile, obethukē | bethukile, bethukē | abethukanga | obungethukanga | bungethukanga | |||
Class 15 | kwethukile, kwethukē | okwethukile, okwethukē | kwethukile, kwethukē | akwethukanga | okungethukanga | kungethukanga | |||
Class 17 | kwethukile, kwethukē | okwethukile, okwethukē | kwethukile, kwethukē | akwethukanga | okungethukanga | kungethukanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngēthuka | engēthuka | ngēthuka | angethukanga | engingethukanga | ngingethukanga | |||
2nd singular | wēthuka | owēthuka | wēthuka | awethukanga | ongethukanga | ungethukanga | |||
1st plural | sēthuka | esēthuka | sēthuka | asethukanga | esingethukanga | singethukanga | |||
2nd plural | nēthuka | enēthuka | nēthuka | anethukanga | eningethukanga | ningethukanga | |||
Class 1 | wēthuka | owēthuka | ēthuka | akethukanga | ongethukanga | engethukanga | |||
Class 2 | bēthuka | abēthuka | bēthuka | abethukanga | abangethukanga | bengethukanga | |||
Class 3 | wēthuka | owēthuka | wēthuka | awethukanga | ongethukanga | ungethukanga | |||
Class 4 | yēthuka | eyēthuka | yēthuka | ayethukanga | engethukanga | ingethukanga | |||
Class 5 | lēthuka | elēthuka | lēthuka | alethukanga | elingethukanga | lingethukanga | |||
Class 6 | ēthuka | ēthuka | ēthuka | awethukanga | angethukanga | engethukanga | |||
Class 7 | sēthuka | esēthuka | sēthuka | asethukanga | esingethukanga | singethukanga | |||
Class 8 | zēthuka | ezēthuka | zēthuka | azethukanga | ezingethukanga | zingethukanga | |||
Class 9 | yēthuka | eyēthuka | yēthuka | ayethukanga | engethukanga | ingethukanga | |||
Class 10 | zēthuka | ezēthuka | zēthuka | azethukanga | ezingethukanga | zingethukanga | |||
Class 11 | lwēthuka | olwēthuka | lwēthuka | alwethukanga | olungethukanga | lungethukanga | |||
Class 14 | bēthuka | obēthuka | bēthuka | abethukanga | obungethukanga | bungethukanga | |||
Class 15 | kwēthuka | okwēthuka | kwēthuka | akwethukanga | okungethukanga | kungethukanga | |||
Class 17 | kwēthuka | okwēthuka | kwēthuka | akwethukanga | okungethukanga | kungethukanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingethuka | — | ngingethuka | ngingethuke | — | ngingethuke | |||
2nd singular | ungethuka | — | ungethuka | ungethuke | — | ungethuke | |||
1st plural | singethuka | — | singethuka | singethuke | — | singethuke | |||
2nd plural | ningethuka | — | ningethuka | ningethuke | — | ningethuke | |||
Class 1 | angethuka | — | engethuka | angethuke | — | engethuke | |||
Class 2 | bangethuka | — | bengethuka | bangethuke | — | bengethuke | |||
Class 3 | ungethuka | — | ungethuka | ungethuke | — | ungethuke | |||
Class 4 | ingethuka | — | ingethuka | ingethuke | — | ingethuke | |||
Class 5 | lingethuka | — | lingethuka | lingethuke | — | lingethuke | |||
Class 6 | angethuka | — | engethuka | angethuke | — | engethuke | |||
Class 7 | singethuka | — | singethuka | singethuke | — | singethuke | |||
Class 8 | zingethuka | — | zingethuka | zingethuke | — | zingethuke | |||
Class 9 | ingethuka | — | ingethuka | ingethuke | — | ingethuke | |||
Class 10 | zingethuka | — | zingethuka | zingethuke | — | zingethuke | |||
Class 11 | lungethuka | — | lungethuka | lungethuke | — | lungethuke | |||
Class 14 | bungethuka | — | bungethuka | bungethuke | — | bungethuke | |||
Class 15 | kungethuka | — | kungethuka | kungethuke | — | kungethuke | |||
Class 17 | kungethuka | — | kungethuka | kungethuke | — | kungethuke | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokwethuka | engizokwethuka | ngizokwethuka | angizukwethuka | — | ngingezukwethuka | |||
2nd singular | uzokwethuka | ozokwethuka | uzokwethuka | awuzukwethuka | — | ungezukwethuka | |||
1st plural | sizokwethuka | esizokwethuka | sizokwethuka | asizukwethuka | — | singezukwethuka | |||
2nd plural | nizokwethuka | enizokwethuka | nizokwethuka | anizukwethuka | — | ningezukwethuka | |||
Class 1 | uzokwethuka | ozokwethuka | ezokwethuka | akazukwethuka | — | engezukwethuka | |||
Class 2 | bazokwethuka | abazokwethuka | bezokwethuka | abazukwethuka | — | bengezukwethuka | |||
Class 3 | uzokwethuka | ozokwethuka | uzokwethuka | awuzukwethuka | — | ungezukwethuka | |||
Class 4 | izokwethuka | ezokwethuka | izokwethuka | ayizukwethuka | — | ingezukwethuka | |||
Class 5 | lizokwethuka | elizokwethuka | lizokwethuka | alizukwethuka | — | lingezukwethuka | |||
Class 6 | azokwethuka | azokwethuka | ezokwethuka | awazukwethuka | — | engezukwethuka | |||
Class 7 | sizokwethuka | esizokwethuka | sizokwethuka | asizukwethuka | — | singezukwethuka | |||
Class 8 | zizokwethuka | ezizokwethuka | zizokwethuka | azizukwethuka | — | zingezukwethuka | |||
Class 9 | izokwethuka | ezokwethuka | izokwethuka | ayizukwethuka | — | ingezukwethuka | |||
Class 10 | zizokwethuka | ezizokwethuka | zizokwethuka | azizukwethuka | — | zingezukwethuka | |||
Class 11 | luzokwethuka | oluzokwethuka | luzokwethuka | aluzukwethuka | — | lungezukwethuka | |||
Class 14 | buzokwethuka | obuzokwethuka | buzokwethuka | abuzukwethuka | — | bungezukwethuka | |||
Class 15 | kuzokwethuka | okuzokwethuka | kuzokwethuka | akuzukwethuka | — | kungezukwethuka | |||
Class 17 | kuzokwethuka | okuzokwethuka | kuzokwethuka | akuzukwethuka | — | kungezukwethuka | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokwethuka | engiyokwethuka | ngiyokwethuka | angiyukwethuka | — | ngingeyukwethuka | |||
2nd singular | uyokwethuka | oyokwethuka | uyokwethuka | awuyukwethuka | — | ungeyukwethuka | |||
1st plural | siyokwethuka | esiyokwethuka | siyokwethuka | asiyukwethuka | — | singeyukwethuka | |||
2nd plural | niyokwethuka | eniyokwethuka | niyokwethuka | aniyukwethuka | — | ningeyukwethuka | |||
Class 1 | uyokwethuka | oyokwethuka | eyokwethuka | akayukwethuka | — | engeyukwethuka | |||
Class 2 | bayokwethuka | abayokwethuka | beyokwethuka | abayukwethuka | — | bengeyukwethuka | |||
Class 3 | uyokwethuka | oyokwethuka | uyokwethuka | awuyukwethuka | — | ungeyukwethuka | |||
Class 4 | iyokwethuka | eyokwethuka | iyokwethuka | ayiyukwethuka | — | ingeyukwethuka | |||
Class 5 | liyokwethuka | eliyokwethuka | liyokwethuka | aliyukwethuka | — | lingeyukwethuka | |||
Class 6 | ayokwethuka | ayokwethuka | eyokwethuka | awayukwethuka | — | engeyukwethuka | |||
Class 7 | siyokwethuka | esiyokwethuka | siyokwethuka | asiyukwethuka | — | singeyukwethuka | |||
Class 8 | ziyokwethuka | eziyokwethuka | ziyokwethuka | aziyukwethuka | — | zingeyukwethuka | |||
Class 9 | iyokwethuka | eyokwethuka | iyokwethuka | ayiyukwethuka | — | ingeyukwethuka | |||
Class 10 | ziyokwethuka | eziyokwethuka | ziyokwethuka | aziyukwethuka | — | zingeyukwethuka | |||
Class 11 | luyokwethuka | oluyokwethuka | luyokwethuka | aluyukwethuka | — | lungeyukwethuka | |||
Class 14 | buyokwethuka | obuyokwethuka | buyokwethuka | abuyukwethuka | — | bungeyukwethuka | |||
Class 15 | kuyokwethuka | okuyokwethuka | kuyokwethuka | akuyukwethuka | — | kungeyukwethuka | |||
Class 17 | kuyokwethuka | okuyokwethuka | kuyokwethuka | akuyukwethuka | — | kungeyukwethuka | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngethuke | ngingethuki | |||||||
2nd singular | wethuke | ungethuki | |||||||
1st plural | sethuke | singethuki | |||||||
2nd plural | nethuke | ningethuki | |||||||
Class 1 | ethuke | angethuki | |||||||
Class 2 | bethuke | bangethuki | |||||||
Class 3 | wethuke | ungethuki | |||||||
Class 4 | yethuke | ingethuki | |||||||
Class 5 | lethuke | lingethuki | |||||||
Class 6 | ethuke | angethuki | |||||||
Class 7 | sethuke | singethuki | |||||||
Class 8 | zethuke | zingethuki | |||||||
Class 9 | yethuke | ingethuki | |||||||
Class 10 | zethuke | zingethuki | |||||||
Class 11 | lwethuke | lungethuki | |||||||
Class 14 | bethuke | bungethuki | |||||||
Class 15 | kwethuke | kungethuki | |||||||
Class 17 | kwethuke | kungethuki | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngethuka | ngangethuka, angethuka, angangethuka | |||||||
2nd singular | wethuka | wangethuka, awethuka, awangethuka | |||||||
1st plural | sethuka | sangethuka, asethuka, asangethuka | |||||||
2nd plural | nethuka | nangethuka, anethuka, anangethuka | |||||||
Class 1 | wethuka | wangethuka, akethuka, akangethuka | |||||||
Class 2 | bethuka | bangethuka, abethuka, abangethuka | |||||||
Class 3 | wethuka | wangethuka, awethuka, awangethuka | |||||||
Class 4 | yethuka | yangethuka, ayethuka, ayangethuka | |||||||
Class 5 | lethuka | langethuka, alethuka, alangethuka | |||||||
Class 6 | ethuka | angethuka, awethuka, awangethuka | |||||||
Class 7 | sethuka | sangethuka, asethuka, asangethuka | |||||||
Class 8 | zethuka | zangethuka, azethuka, azangethuka | |||||||
Class 9 | yethuka | yangethuka, ayethuka, ayangethuka | |||||||
Class 10 | zethuka | zangethuka, azethuka, azangethuka | |||||||
Class 11 | lwethuka | lwangethuka, alwethuka, alwangethuka | |||||||
Class 14 | bethuka | bangethuka, abethuka, abangethuka | |||||||
Class 15 | kwethuka | kwangethuka, akwethuka, akwangethuka | |||||||
Class 17 | kwethuka | kwangethuka, akwethuka, akwangethuka |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ethuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ethuka (3.2.9)”
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