thuka
Zulu
Etymology 1
Clipping of -ethúka.
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuthuka | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuthuka | ukungathuki | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | thuka | -thuke | |||||||
Plural | thukani | -thukeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyathuka, ngithuka | engithukayo, engithuka | ngithuka | angithuki | engingathuki | ngingathuki | |||
2nd singular | uyathuka, uthuka | othukayo, othuka | uthuka | awuthuki | ongathuki | ungathuki | |||
1st plural | siyathuka, sithuka | esithukayo, esithuka | sithuka | asithuki | esingathuki | singathuki | |||
2nd plural | niyathuka, nithuka | enithukayo, enithuka | nithuka | anithuki | eningathuki | ningathuki | |||
Class 1 | uyathuka, uthuka | othukayo, othuka | ethuka | akathuki | ongathuki | engathuki | |||
Class 2 | bayathuka, bathuka | abathukayo, abathuka | bethuka | abathuki | abangathuki | bengathuki | |||
Class 3 | uyathuka, uthuka | othukayo, othuka | uthuka | awuthuki | ongathuki | ungathuki | |||
Class 4 | iyathuka, ithuka | ethukayo, ethuka | ithuka | ayithuki | engathuki | ingathuki | |||
Class 5 | liyathuka, lithuka | elithukayo, elithuka | lithuka | alithuki | elingathuki | lingathuki | |||
Class 6 | ayathuka, athuka | athukayo, athuka | ethuka | awathuki | angathuki | engathuki | |||
Class 7 | siyathuka, sithuka | esithukayo, esithuka | sithuka | asithuki | esingathuki | singathuki | |||
Class 8 | ziyathuka, zithuka | ezithukayo, ezithuka | zithuka | azithuki | ezingathuki | zingathuki | |||
Class 9 | iyathuka, ithuka | ethukayo, ethuka | ithuka | ayithuki | engathuki | ingathuki | |||
Class 10 | ziyathuka, zithuka | ezithukayo, ezithuka | zithuka | azithuki | ezingathuki | zingathuki | |||
Class 11 | luyathuka, luthuka | oluthukayo, oluthuka | luthuka | aluthuki | olungathuki | lungathuki | |||
Class 14 | buyathuka, buthuka | obuthukayo, obuthuka | buthuka | abuthuki | obungathuki | bungathuki | |||
Class 15 | kuyathuka, kuthuka | okuthukayo, okuthuka | kuthuka | akuthuki | okungathuki | kungathuki | |||
Class 17 | kuyathuka, kuthuka | okuthukayo, okuthuka | kuthuka | akuthuki | okungathuki | kungathuki | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngithukile, ngithukē | engithukile, engithukē | ngithukile, ngithukē | angithukanga | engingathukanga | ngingathukanga | |||
2nd singular | uthukile, uthukē | othukile, othukē | uthukile, uthukē | awuthukanga | ongathukanga | ungathukanga | |||
1st plural | sithukile, sithukē | esithukile, esithukē | sithukile, sithukē | asithukanga | esingathukanga | singathukanga | |||
2nd plural | nithukile, nithukē | enithukile, enithukē | nithukile, nithukē | anithukanga | eningathukanga | ningathukanga | |||
Class 1 | uthukile, uthukē | othukile, othukē | ethukile, ethukē | akathukanga | ongathukanga | engathukanga | |||
Class 2 | bathukile, bathukē | abathukile, abathukē | bethukile, bethukē | abathukanga | abangathukanga | bengathukanga | |||
Class 3 | uthukile, uthukē | othukile, othukē | uthukile, uthukē | awuthukanga | ongathukanga | ungathukanga | |||
Class 4 | ithukile, ithukē | ethukile, ethukē | ithukile, ithukē | ayithukanga | engathukanga | ingathukanga | |||
Class 5 | lithukile, lithukē | elithukile, elithukē | lithukile, lithukē | alithukanga | elingathukanga | lingathukanga | |||
Class 6 | athukile, athukē | athukile, athukē | ethukile, ethukē | awathukanga | angathukanga | engathukanga | |||
Class 7 | sithukile, sithukē | esithukile, esithukē | sithukile, sithukē | asithukanga | esingathukanga | singathukanga | |||
Class 8 | zithukile, zithukē | ezithukile, ezithukē | zithukile, zithukē | azithukanga | ezingathukanga | zingathukanga | |||
Class 9 | ithukile, ithukē | ethukile, ethukē | ithukile, ithukē | ayithukanga | engathukanga | ingathukanga | |||
Class 10 | zithukile, zithukē | ezithukile, ezithukē | zithukile, zithukē | azithukanga | ezingathukanga | zingathukanga | |||
Class 11 | luthukile, luthukē | oluthukile, oluthukē | luthukile, luthukē | aluthukanga | olungathukanga | lungathukanga | |||
Class 14 | buthukile, buthukē | obuthukile, obuthukē | buthukile, buthukē | abuthukanga | obungathukanga | bungathukanga | |||
Class 15 | kuthukile, kuthukē | okuthukile, okuthukē | kuthukile, kuthukē | akuthukanga | okungathukanga | kungathukanga | |||
Class 17 | kuthukile, kuthukē | okuthukile, okuthukē | kuthukile, kuthukē | akuthukanga | okungathukanga | kungathukanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāthuka | engāthuka | ngāthuka | angithukanga | engingathukanga | ngingathukanga | |||
2nd singular | wāthuka | owāthuka | wāthuka | awuthukanga | ongathukanga | ungathukanga | |||
1st plural | sāthuka | esāthuka | sāthuka | asithukanga | esingathukanga | singathukanga | |||
2nd plural | nāthuka | enāthuka | nāthuka | anithukanga | eningathukanga | ningathukanga | |||
Class 1 | wāthuka | owāthuka | āthuka | akathukanga | ongathukanga | engathukanga | |||
Class 2 | bāthuka | abāthuka | bāthuka | abathukanga | abangathukanga | bengathukanga | |||
Class 3 | wāthuka | owāthuka | wāthuka | awuthukanga | ongathukanga | ungathukanga | |||
Class 4 | yāthuka | eyāthuka | yāthuka | ayithukanga | engathukanga | ingathukanga | |||
Class 5 | lāthuka | elāthuka | lāthuka | alithukanga | elingathukanga | lingathukanga | |||
Class 6 | āthuka | āthuka | āthuka | awathukanga | angathukanga | engathukanga | |||
Class 7 | sāthuka | esāthuka | sāthuka | asithukanga | esingathukanga | singathukanga | |||
Class 8 | zāthuka | ezāthuka | zāthuka | azithukanga | ezingathukanga | zingathukanga | |||
Class 9 | yāthuka | eyāthuka | yāthuka | ayithukanga | engathukanga | ingathukanga | |||
Class 10 | zāthuka | ezāthuka | zāthuka | azithukanga | ezingathukanga | zingathukanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāthuka | olwāthuka | lwāthuka | aluthukanga | olungathukanga | lungathukanga | |||
Class 14 | bāthuka | obāthuka | bāthuka | abuthukanga | obungathukanga | bungathukanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāthuka | okwāthuka | kwāthuka | akuthukanga | okungathukanga | kungathukanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāthuka | okwāthuka | kwāthuka | akuthukanga | okungathukanga | kungathukanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingathuka | — | ngingathuka | ngingethuke | — | ngingethuke | |||
2nd singular | ungathuka | — | ungathuka | ungethuke | — | ungethuke | |||
1st plural | singathuka | — | singathuka | singethuke | — | singethuke | |||
2nd plural | ningathuka | — | ningathuka | ningethuke | — | ningethuke | |||
Class 1 | angathuka | — | engathuka | angethuke | — | engethuke | |||
Class 2 | bangathuka | — | bengathuka | bangethuke | — | bengethuke | |||
Class 3 | ungathuka | — | ungathuka | ungethuke | — | ungethuke | |||
Class 4 | ingathuka | — | ingathuka | ingethuke | — | ingethuke | |||
Class 5 | lingathuka | — | lingathuka | lingethuke | — | lingethuke | |||
Class 6 | angathuka | — | engathuka | angethuke | — | engethuke | |||
Class 7 | singathuka | — | singathuka | singethuke | — | singethuke | |||
Class 8 | zingathuka | — | zingathuka | zingethuke | — | zingethuke | |||
Class 9 | ingathuka | — | ingathuka | ingethuke | — | ingethuke | |||
Class 10 | zingathuka | — | zingathuka | zingethuke | — | zingethuke | |||
Class 11 | lungathuka | — | lungathuka | lungethuke | — | lungethuke | |||
Class 14 | bungathuka | — | bungathuka | bungethuke | — | bungethuke | |||
Class 15 | kungathuka | — | kungathuka | kungethuke | — | kungethuke | |||
Class 17 | kungathuka | — | kungathuka | kungethuke | — | kungethuke | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizothuka | engizothuka | ngizothuka | angizuthuka | — | ngingezuthuka | |||
2nd singular | uzothuka | ozothuka | uzothuka | awuzuthuka | — | ungezuthuka | |||
1st plural | sizothuka | esizothuka | sizothuka | asizuthuka | — | singezuthuka | |||
2nd plural | nizothuka | enizothuka | nizothuka | anizuthuka | — | ningezuthuka | |||
Class 1 | uzothuka | ozothuka | ezothuka | akazuthuka | — | engezuthuka | |||
Class 2 | bazothuka | abazothuka | bezothuka | abazuthuka | — | bengezuthuka | |||
Class 3 | uzothuka | ozothuka | uzothuka | awuzuthuka | — | ungezuthuka | |||
Class 4 | izothuka | ezothuka | izothuka | ayizuthuka | — | ingezuthuka | |||
Class 5 | lizothuka | elizothuka | lizothuka | alizuthuka | — | lingezuthuka | |||
Class 6 | azothuka | azothuka | ezothuka | awazuthuka | — | engezuthuka | |||
Class 7 | sizothuka | esizothuka | sizothuka | asizuthuka | — | singezuthuka | |||
Class 8 | zizothuka | ezizothuka | zizothuka | azizuthuka | — | zingezuthuka | |||
Class 9 | izothuka | ezothuka | izothuka | ayizuthuka | — | ingezuthuka | |||
Class 10 | zizothuka | ezizothuka | zizothuka | azizuthuka | — | zingezuthuka | |||
Class 11 | luzothuka | oluzothuka | luzothuka | aluzuthuka | — | lungezuthuka | |||
Class 14 | buzothuka | obuzothuka | buzothuka | abuzuthuka | — | bungezuthuka | |||
Class 15 | kuzothuka | okuzothuka | kuzothuka | akuzuthuka | — | kungezuthuka | |||
Class 17 | kuzothuka | okuzothuka | kuzothuka | akuzuthuka | — | kungezuthuka | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyothuka | engiyothuka | ngiyothuka | angiyuthuka | — | ngingeyuthuka | |||
2nd singular | uyothuka | oyothuka | uyothuka | awuyuthuka | — | ungeyuthuka | |||
1st plural | siyothuka | esiyothuka | siyothuka | asiyuthuka | — | singeyuthuka | |||
2nd plural | niyothuka | eniyothuka | niyothuka | aniyuthuka | — | ningeyuthuka | |||
Class 1 | uyothuka | oyothuka | eyothuka | akayuthuka | — | engeyuthuka | |||
Class 2 | bayothuka | abayothuka | beyothuka | abayuthuka | — | bengeyuthuka | |||
Class 3 | uyothuka | oyothuka | uyothuka | awuyuthuka | — | ungeyuthuka | |||
Class 4 | iyothuka | eyothuka | iyothuka | ayiyuthuka | — | ingeyuthuka | |||
Class 5 | liyothuka | eliyothuka | liyothuka | aliyuthuka | — | lingeyuthuka | |||
Class 6 | ayothuka | ayothuka | eyothuka | awayuthuka | — | engeyuthuka | |||
Class 7 | siyothuka | esiyothuka | siyothuka | asiyuthuka | — | singeyuthuka | |||
Class 8 | ziyothuka | eziyothuka | ziyothuka | aziyuthuka | — | zingeyuthuka | |||
Class 9 | iyothuka | eyothuka | iyothuka | ayiyuthuka | — | ingeyuthuka | |||
Class 10 | ziyothuka | eziyothuka | ziyothuka | aziyuthuka | — | zingeyuthuka | |||
Class 11 | luyothuka | oluyothuka | luyothuka | aluyuthuka | — | lungeyuthuka | |||
Class 14 | buyothuka | obuyothuka | buyothuka | abuyuthuka | — | bungeyuthuka | |||
Class 15 | kuyothuka | okuyothuka | kuyothuka | akuyuthuka | — | kungeyuthuka | |||
Class 17 | kuyothuka | okuyothuka | kuyothuka | akuyuthuka | — | kungeyuthuka | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngithuke | ngingathuki | |||||||
2nd singular | uthuke | ungathuki | |||||||
1st plural | sithuke | singathuki | |||||||
2nd plural | nithuke | ningathuki | |||||||
Class 1 | athuke | angathuki | |||||||
Class 2 | bathuke | bangathuki | |||||||
Class 3 | uthuke | ungathuki | |||||||
Class 4 | ithuke | ingathuki | |||||||
Class 5 | lithuke | lingathuki | |||||||
Class 6 | athuke | angathuki | |||||||
Class 7 | sithuke | singathuki | |||||||
Class 8 | zithuke | zingathuki | |||||||
Class 9 | ithuke | ingathuki | |||||||
Class 10 | zithuke | zingathuki | |||||||
Class 11 | luthuke | lungathuki | |||||||
Class 14 | buthuke | bungathuki | |||||||
Class 15 | kuthuke | kungathuki | |||||||
Class 17 | kuthuke | kungathuki | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngathuka | ngangathuka, angathuka, angangathuka | |||||||
2nd singular | wathuka | wangathuka, awathuka, awangathuka | |||||||
1st plural | sathuka | sangathuka, asathuka, asangathuka | |||||||
2nd plural | nathuka | nangathuka, anathuka, anangathuka | |||||||
Class 1 | wathuka | wangathuka, akathuka, akangathuka | |||||||
Class 2 | bathuka | bangathuka, abathuka, abangathuka | |||||||
Class 3 | wathuka | wangathuka, awathuka, awangathuka | |||||||
Class 4 | yathuka | yangathuka, ayathuka, ayangathuka | |||||||
Class 5 | lathuka | langathuka, alathuka, alangathuka | |||||||
Class 6 | athuka | angathuka, awathuka, awangathuka | |||||||
Class 7 | sathuka | sangathuka, asathuka, asangathuka | |||||||
Class 8 | zathuka | zangathuka, azathuka, azangathuka | |||||||
Class 9 | yathuka | yangathuka, ayathuka, ayangathuka | |||||||
Class 10 | zathuka | zangathuka, azathuka, azangathuka | |||||||
Class 11 | lwathuka | lwangathuka, alwathuka, alwangathuka | |||||||
Class 14 | bathuka | bangathuka, abathuka, abangathuka | |||||||
Class 15 | kwathuka | kwangathuka, akwathuka, akwangathuka | |||||||
Class 17 | kwathuka | kwangathuka, akwathuka, akwangathuka |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “thuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thuka (3.9)”
Etymology 2
Clipping of -ethuka.
Verb
- (intransitive) Alternative form of -ethuka
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuthuka | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuthuka | ukungathuki | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | thuka | -thuke | |||||||
Plural | thukani | -thukeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyathuka, ngithuka | engithukayo, engithuka | ngithuka | angithuki | engingathuki | ngingathuki | |||
2nd singular | uyathuka, uthuka | othukayo, othuka | uthuka | awuthuki | ongathuki | ungathuki | |||
1st plural | siyathuka, sithuka | esithukayo, esithuka | sithuka | asithuki | esingathuki | singathuki | |||
2nd plural | niyathuka, nithuka | enithukayo, enithuka | nithuka | anithuki | eningathuki | ningathuki | |||
Class 1 | uyathuka, uthuka | othukayo, othuka | ethuka | akathuki | ongathuki | engathuki | |||
Class 2 | bayathuka, bathuka | abathukayo, abathuka | bethuka | abathuki | abangathuki | bengathuki | |||
Class 3 | uyathuka, uthuka | othukayo, othuka | uthuka | awuthuki | ongathuki | ungathuki | |||
Class 4 | iyathuka, ithuka | ethukayo, ethuka | ithuka | ayithuki | engathuki | ingathuki | |||
Class 5 | liyathuka, lithuka | elithukayo, elithuka | lithuka | alithuki | elingathuki | lingathuki | |||
Class 6 | ayathuka, athuka | athukayo, athuka | ethuka | awathuki | angathuki | engathuki | |||
Class 7 | siyathuka, sithuka | esithukayo, esithuka | sithuka | asithuki | esingathuki | singathuki | |||
Class 8 | ziyathuka, zithuka | ezithukayo, ezithuka | zithuka | azithuki | ezingathuki | zingathuki | |||
Class 9 | iyathuka, ithuka | ethukayo, ethuka | ithuka | ayithuki | engathuki | ingathuki | |||
Class 10 | ziyathuka, zithuka | ezithukayo, ezithuka | zithuka | azithuki | ezingathuki | zingathuki | |||
Class 11 | luyathuka, luthuka | oluthukayo, oluthuka | luthuka | aluthuki | olungathuki | lungathuki | |||
Class 14 | buyathuka, buthuka | obuthukayo, obuthuka | buthuka | abuthuki | obungathuki | bungathuki | |||
Class 15 | kuyathuka, kuthuka | okuthukayo, okuthuka | kuthuka | akuthuki | okungathuki | kungathuki | |||
Class 17 | kuyathuka, kuthuka | okuthukayo, okuthuka | kuthuka | akuthuki | okungathuki | kungathuki | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngithukile, ngithukē | engithukile, engithukē | ngithukile, ngithukē | angithukanga | engingathukanga | ngingathukanga | |||
2nd singular | uthukile, uthukē | othukile, othukē | uthukile, uthukē | awuthukanga | ongathukanga | ungathukanga | |||
1st plural | sithukile, sithukē | esithukile, esithukē | sithukile, sithukē | asithukanga | esingathukanga | singathukanga | |||
2nd plural | nithukile, nithukē | enithukile, enithukē | nithukile, nithukē | anithukanga | eningathukanga | ningathukanga | |||
Class 1 | uthukile, uthukē | othukile, othukē | ethukile, ethukē | akathukanga | ongathukanga | engathukanga | |||
Class 2 | bathukile, bathukē | abathukile, abathukē | bethukile, bethukē | abathukanga | abangathukanga | bengathukanga | |||
Class 3 | uthukile, uthukē | othukile, othukē | uthukile, uthukē | awuthukanga | ongathukanga | ungathukanga | |||
Class 4 | ithukile, ithukē | ethukile, ethukē | ithukile, ithukē | ayithukanga | engathukanga | ingathukanga | |||
Class 5 | lithukile, lithukē | elithukile, elithukē | lithukile, lithukē | alithukanga | elingathukanga | lingathukanga | |||
Class 6 | athukile, athukē | athukile, athukē | ethukile, ethukē | awathukanga | angathukanga | engathukanga | |||
Class 7 | sithukile, sithukē | esithukile, esithukē | sithukile, sithukē | asithukanga | esingathukanga | singathukanga | |||
Class 8 | zithukile, zithukē | ezithukile, ezithukē | zithukile, zithukē | azithukanga | ezingathukanga | zingathukanga | |||
Class 9 | ithukile, ithukē | ethukile, ethukē | ithukile, ithukē | ayithukanga | engathukanga | ingathukanga | |||
Class 10 | zithukile, zithukē | ezithukile, ezithukē | zithukile, zithukē | azithukanga | ezingathukanga | zingathukanga | |||
Class 11 | luthukile, luthukē | oluthukile, oluthukē | luthukile, luthukē | aluthukanga | olungathukanga | lungathukanga | |||
Class 14 | buthukile, buthukē | obuthukile, obuthukē | buthukile, buthukē | abuthukanga | obungathukanga | bungathukanga | |||
Class 15 | kuthukile, kuthukē | okuthukile, okuthukē | kuthukile, kuthukē | akuthukanga | okungathukanga | kungathukanga | |||
Class 17 | kuthukile, kuthukē | okuthukile, okuthukē | kuthukile, kuthukē | akuthukanga | okungathukanga | kungathukanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāthuka | engāthuka | ngāthuka | angithukanga | engingathukanga | ngingathukanga | |||
2nd singular | wāthuka | owāthuka | wāthuka | awuthukanga | ongathukanga | ungathukanga | |||
1st plural | sāthuka | esāthuka | sāthuka | asithukanga | esingathukanga | singathukanga | |||
2nd plural | nāthuka | enāthuka | nāthuka | anithukanga | eningathukanga | ningathukanga | |||
Class 1 | wāthuka | owāthuka | āthuka | akathukanga | ongathukanga | engathukanga | |||
Class 2 | bāthuka | abāthuka | bāthuka | abathukanga | abangathukanga | bengathukanga | |||
Class 3 | wāthuka | owāthuka | wāthuka | awuthukanga | ongathukanga | ungathukanga | |||
Class 4 | yāthuka | eyāthuka | yāthuka | ayithukanga | engathukanga | ingathukanga | |||
Class 5 | lāthuka | elāthuka | lāthuka | alithukanga | elingathukanga | lingathukanga | |||
Class 6 | āthuka | āthuka | āthuka | awathukanga | angathukanga | engathukanga | |||
Class 7 | sāthuka | esāthuka | sāthuka | asithukanga | esingathukanga | singathukanga | |||
Class 8 | zāthuka | ezāthuka | zāthuka | azithukanga | ezingathukanga | zingathukanga | |||
Class 9 | yāthuka | eyāthuka | yāthuka | ayithukanga | engathukanga | ingathukanga | |||
Class 10 | zāthuka | ezāthuka | zāthuka | azithukanga | ezingathukanga | zingathukanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāthuka | olwāthuka | lwāthuka | aluthukanga | olungathukanga | lungathukanga | |||
Class 14 | bāthuka | obāthuka | bāthuka | abuthukanga | obungathukanga | bungathukanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāthuka | okwāthuka | kwāthuka | akuthukanga | okungathukanga | kungathukanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāthuka | okwāthuka | kwāthuka | akuthukanga | okungathukanga | kungathukanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingathuka | — | ngingathuka | ngingethuke | — | ngingethuke | |||
2nd singular | ungathuka | — | ungathuka | ungethuke | — | ungethuke | |||
1st plural | singathuka | — | singathuka | singethuke | — | singethuke | |||
2nd plural | ningathuka | — | ningathuka | ningethuke | — | ningethuke | |||
Class 1 | angathuka | — | engathuka | angethuke | — | engethuke | |||
Class 2 | bangathuka | — | bengathuka | bangethuke | — | bengethuke | |||
Class 3 | ungathuka | — | ungathuka | ungethuke | — | ungethuke | |||
Class 4 | ingathuka | — | ingathuka | ingethuke | — | ingethuke | |||
Class 5 | lingathuka | — | lingathuka | lingethuke | — | lingethuke | |||
Class 6 | angathuka | — | engathuka | angethuke | — | engethuke | |||
Class 7 | singathuka | — | singathuka | singethuke | — | singethuke | |||
Class 8 | zingathuka | — | zingathuka | zingethuke | — | zingethuke | |||
Class 9 | ingathuka | — | ingathuka | ingethuke | — | ingethuke | |||
Class 10 | zingathuka | — | zingathuka | zingethuke | — | zingethuke | |||
Class 11 | lungathuka | — | lungathuka | lungethuke | — | lungethuke | |||
Class 14 | bungathuka | — | bungathuka | bungethuke | — | bungethuke | |||
Class 15 | kungathuka | — | kungathuka | kungethuke | — | kungethuke | |||
Class 17 | kungathuka | — | kungathuka | kungethuke | — | kungethuke | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizothuka | engizothuka | ngizothuka | angizuthuka | — | ngingezuthuka | |||
2nd singular | uzothuka | ozothuka | uzothuka | awuzuthuka | — | ungezuthuka | |||
1st plural | sizothuka | esizothuka | sizothuka | asizuthuka | — | singezuthuka | |||
2nd plural | nizothuka | enizothuka | nizothuka | anizuthuka | — | ningezuthuka | |||
Class 1 | uzothuka | ozothuka | ezothuka | akazuthuka | — | engezuthuka | |||
Class 2 | bazothuka | abazothuka | bezothuka | abazuthuka | — | bengezuthuka | |||
Class 3 | uzothuka | ozothuka | uzothuka | awuzuthuka | — | ungezuthuka | |||
Class 4 | izothuka | ezothuka | izothuka | ayizuthuka | — | ingezuthuka | |||
Class 5 | lizothuka | elizothuka | lizothuka | alizuthuka | — | lingezuthuka | |||
Class 6 | azothuka | azothuka | ezothuka | awazuthuka | — | engezuthuka | |||
Class 7 | sizothuka | esizothuka | sizothuka | asizuthuka | — | singezuthuka | |||
Class 8 | zizothuka | ezizothuka | zizothuka | azizuthuka | — | zingezuthuka | |||
Class 9 | izothuka | ezothuka | izothuka | ayizuthuka | — | ingezuthuka | |||
Class 10 | zizothuka | ezizothuka | zizothuka | azizuthuka | — | zingezuthuka | |||
Class 11 | luzothuka | oluzothuka | luzothuka | aluzuthuka | — | lungezuthuka | |||
Class 14 | buzothuka | obuzothuka | buzothuka | abuzuthuka | — | bungezuthuka | |||
Class 15 | kuzothuka | okuzothuka | kuzothuka | akuzuthuka | — | kungezuthuka | |||
Class 17 | kuzothuka | okuzothuka | kuzothuka | akuzuthuka | — | kungezuthuka | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyothuka | engiyothuka | ngiyothuka | angiyuthuka | — | ngingeyuthuka | |||
2nd singular | uyothuka | oyothuka | uyothuka | awuyuthuka | — | ungeyuthuka | |||
1st plural | siyothuka | esiyothuka | siyothuka | asiyuthuka | — | singeyuthuka | |||
2nd plural | niyothuka | eniyothuka | niyothuka | aniyuthuka | — | ningeyuthuka | |||
Class 1 | uyothuka | oyothuka | eyothuka | akayuthuka | — | engeyuthuka | |||
Class 2 | bayothuka | abayothuka | beyothuka | abayuthuka | — | bengeyuthuka | |||
Class 3 | uyothuka | oyothuka | uyothuka | awuyuthuka | — | ungeyuthuka | |||
Class 4 | iyothuka | eyothuka | iyothuka | ayiyuthuka | — | ingeyuthuka | |||
Class 5 | liyothuka | eliyothuka | liyothuka | aliyuthuka | — | lingeyuthuka | |||
Class 6 | ayothuka | ayothuka | eyothuka | awayuthuka | — | engeyuthuka | |||
Class 7 | siyothuka | esiyothuka | siyothuka | asiyuthuka | — | singeyuthuka | |||
Class 8 | ziyothuka | eziyothuka | ziyothuka | aziyuthuka | — | zingeyuthuka | |||
Class 9 | iyothuka | eyothuka | iyothuka | ayiyuthuka | — | ingeyuthuka | |||
Class 10 | ziyothuka | eziyothuka | ziyothuka | aziyuthuka | — | zingeyuthuka | |||
Class 11 | luyothuka | oluyothuka | luyothuka | aluyuthuka | — | lungeyuthuka | |||
Class 14 | buyothuka | obuyothuka | buyothuka | abuyuthuka | — | bungeyuthuka | |||
Class 15 | kuyothuka | okuyothuka | kuyothuka | akuyuthuka | — | kungeyuthuka | |||
Class 17 | kuyothuka | okuyothuka | kuyothuka | akuyuthuka | — | kungeyuthuka | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngithuke | ngingathuki | |||||||
2nd singular | uthuke | ungathuki | |||||||
1st plural | sithuke | singathuki | |||||||
2nd plural | nithuke | ningathuki | |||||||
Class 1 | athuke | angathuki | |||||||
Class 2 | bathuke | bangathuki | |||||||
Class 3 | uthuke | ungathuki | |||||||
Class 4 | ithuke | ingathuki | |||||||
Class 5 | lithuke | lingathuki | |||||||
Class 6 | athuke | angathuki | |||||||
Class 7 | sithuke | singathuki | |||||||
Class 8 | zithuke | zingathuki | |||||||
Class 9 | ithuke | ingathuki | |||||||
Class 10 | zithuke | zingathuki | |||||||
Class 11 | luthuke | lungathuki | |||||||
Class 14 | buthuke | bungathuki | |||||||
Class 15 | kuthuke | kungathuki | |||||||
Class 17 | kuthuke | kungathuki | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngathuka | ngangathuka, angathuka, angangathuka | |||||||
2nd singular | wathuka | wangathuka, awathuka, awangathuka | |||||||
1st plural | sathuka | sangathuka, asathuka, asangathuka | |||||||
2nd plural | nathuka | nangathuka, anathuka, anangathuka | |||||||
Class 1 | wathuka | wangathuka, akathuka, akangathuka | |||||||
Class 2 | bathuka | bangathuka, abathuka, abangathuka | |||||||
Class 3 | wathuka | wangathuka, awathuka, awangathuka | |||||||
Class 4 | yathuka | yangathuka, ayathuka, ayangathuka | |||||||
Class 5 | lathuka | langathuka, alathuka, alangathuka | |||||||
Class 6 | athuka | angathuka, awathuka, awangathuka | |||||||
Class 7 | sathuka | sangathuka, asathuka, asangathuka | |||||||
Class 8 | zathuka | zangathuka, azathuka, azangathuka | |||||||
Class 9 | yathuka | yangathuka, ayathuka, ayangathuka | |||||||
Class 10 | zathuka | zangathuka, azathuka, azangathuka | |||||||
Class 11 | lwathuka | lwangathuka, alwathuka, alwangathuka | |||||||
Class 14 | bathuka | bangathuka, abathuka, abangathuka | |||||||
Class 15 | kwathuka | kwangathuka, akwathuka, akwangathuka | |||||||
Class 17 | kwathuka | kwangathuka, akwathuka, akwangathuka |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “thuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thuka (3.9)”
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